Most likely the second one (sand letting water run through it) because if you are trying to determine how what moves through soil You would want the one the one that can do that:)
The electron configuration of lithium atom is:
![Li:[He]2s^1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Li%3A%5BHe%5D2s%5E1)
The number "2" is the value of the principal quantum number "n". Letter "s" is associated with the value of secondary quantum number "l" and it is equal to zero. The value of "m" (or magnetic quantum number) is zero too. The quantum number set for the highest energy electron will be (2, 0, 0, 1/2).
Explanation:
Reaction equation is as follows.

Here, 1 mole of
produces 2 moles of cations.
![[Na^{+}] = 2[Na_{2}SO_{3}] = 2 \times 0.58](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BNa%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%202%5BNa_%7B2%7DSO_%7B3%7D%5D%20%3D%202%20%5Ctimes%200.58)
= 1.16 M
= 0.58 M
The sulphite anion will act as a base and react with
to form
and
.
As, 
= 
=
According to the ICE table for the given reaction,

Initial: 0.58 0 0
Change: -x +x +x
Equilibrium: 0.58 - x x x
So,
![K_{b} = \frac{[HSO^{-}_{3}][OH^{-}]}{[SO^{2-}_{3}]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bb%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BHSO%5E%7B-%7D_%7B3%7D%5D%5BOH%5E%7B-%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BSO%5E%7B2-%7D_%7B3%7D%5D%7D)


x = 0.0003 M
So, x =
= 0.0003 M
= 0.58 - 0.0003
= 0.579 M
Now, we will use
= 0.0003 M
The reaction will be as follows.

Initial: 0.0003
Equilibrium: 0.0003 - x x x


= 
= 
Therefore, 
As, x <<<< 0.0003. So, we can neglect x.
Therefore, 
= 
x = 
x =
= 
![[H^{+}] = \frac{10^{-14}}{[OH^{-}]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B10%5E%7B-14%7D%7D%7B%5BOH%5E%7B-%7D%5D%7D)
= 
=
M
Thus, we can conclude that the concentration of spectator ion is
M.