A bolt is tightened, subjecting its shank to a tensile stress of 80 kpsi and a torsional shear stress of 50 kpsi at a critical p
oint. All of the other stresses are zero. The material is a brittle material with Sut =80 kpsi and Suc =150 kpsi. Find the factor of safety at the critical point by the more conservative failure theory and determine if the bolt will fracture.
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Answer:
Work = 651,1011 kJ
Explanation:
Let´s take the car as a system in order to apply the first law of thermodynamics as follows:
Where
And considering that there is no mass transfer and that the only energy flows that interact with the system are the heat losses and the work needed to move the car we have:
Regarding the energy system we have the following:
By doing the calculations we have:
Consider that in the previous calculation, the kinetic and potential energy terms were divided by 1.000 to change the units from J to kJ.
Finally, the work needed to move the car under the required conditions is calculated as follows:
Consider that in the previous calculation, the heat loss was changed previously from BTU to kJ.
The composition of gas in the feed, the percentage conversion and the
theoretical yield are combined to give the product stream composition.
Response:
The composition of gas in the product stream are;
- HCl: 0.4 kmol/h, Cl₂: 1.6 kmol/h, H₂O: 1.6 kmol/h, O₂: 0.5 kmol/h
The amount of oxygen used = 30% exceeding the theoretical amount
Number of moles of hydrochloric acid = 4 kmol/h
Percentage conversion = 80%
Required:
The composition of the gas in the product feed.
Solution;
The given reaction is; 4HCl + O₂ 2Cl₂ + 2H₂O
Which gives;
Moles of limiting reactant reacted = 4 kmol/h × 0.80 = 3.6 kmol/h
Which gives;
Number of moles of HCl in the stream = 4 kmol/h - 3.6 kmol/h = 0.4 kmol/h
Number of moles of Cl₂ produced = 2 kmol/h × 0.8 = 1.6 kmol/h
Similarly;
Number of moles of H₂O produced = 2 kmol/h × 0.8 = 1.6 kmol/h
Number of moles of O₂ in the product stream = 30% × 1 kmol/h + 20% × 1 kmol/h = 0.5 kmol/h
The composition of the production stream is therefore;
- <u>HCl: 0.4 kmol/h</u>
- <u>Cl₂: 1.6 kmol/h</u>
- <u>H₂O: 1.6 kmol/h</u>
- <u>O₂: 0.5 kmol/h</u>
Learn more about theoretical and actual yield here: