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Diano4ka-milaya [45]
3 years ago
10

A 12-kg hammer strikes a nail at a velocity of 8.5 m/s and comes to rest in a time interval of 8.0 ms. (A) What is the impulse g

iven to the nail? (Write the unit for impulse as a kg.m/s or as N.s)
Physics
2 answers:
dimulka [17.4K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

102 kg.m/s

Explanation:

m = Mass of hammer = 12 kg

v = Final velocity = 8.5 m/s

u = Initial velocity = 0

t = Time taken = 8 ms

Force acting over a given amount of time or change in momentum is known as impulse.

Impulse

J=Ft\\\Rightarrow J=p_2-p_1\\\Rightarrow J=m(v-u)\\\Rightarrow J=12(8.5-0)\\\Rightarrow J=102\kg.m/s

Impulse given to the nail is 102 kg.m/s

Tresset [83]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

The impulse is 102 kg m/s.

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass of hammer = 12 kg

Velocity = 8.5 m/s

Time = 8.0 ms

Impulse :

Impulse is the change in momentum of the object.

We need to calculate the impulse

Using formula of impulse

\Delta p=p_{f}-p_{i}

\Delta p=m(v-u)

Where, m = mass of the object

v = final velocity

u = initial velocity

Put the value into the formula

\Delta p=12\times(8.5-0)

\Delta p=102\ Kg.m/s

Hence, The impulse is 102 kg m/s.

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4.77 Augment the rectifier circuit of Problem 4.70 with a capacitor chosen to provide a peak-to-peak ripple voltage of (i) 10% o
goblinko [34]

The question incomplete! The complete question along with answer and explanation is provided below.

Question:

Augment the rectifier circuit of Problem 4.68 with a  capacitor chosen to provide a peak-to-peak ripple voltage of  (i) 10% of the peak output and (ii) 1% of the peak output. In  each case:

(a) What average output voltage results?

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

(c) What is the average diode current?

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Problem 4.68:

A half-wave rectifier circuit with a 1-kΩ load operates from a 120-V (rms) 60-Hz household supply through  a 10-to-1 step-down transformer. It uses a silicon diode  that can be modeled to have a 0.7-V drop for any current.

Given Information:

Input voltage = 120 Vrms

10 to 1 step-down transformer

Voltage drop at diode = 0.7 V

Load resistance = R = 1 kΩ

Required Information:

 (i) 10% of the peak output and (ii) 1% of the peak output. In  each case:

(a) What average output voltage results?

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

(c) What is the average diode current?

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Answer:

Case (i)

Vavg = 15.45 V

Conduction of diode = 7.11 %

Iavg = 0.232 A

Ip = 0.449 A

Case (ii)

Vavg = 16.18 V

Conduction of diode = 2.25 %

Iavg = 0.735 A

Ip = 1.453 A

Explanation:

Voltage at the secondary side of the transformer is

Vrms = Vpri/turn ratio

Vrms = 120/10 = 12 V

The relation between rms voltage and peak voltage is

Vp = Vrms/√2

Vp = 12√2 = 16.97 V

Vd = 0.7 V

First we will calculate all the required parameters for the 10% ripple voltage and then for 1% ripple voltage.

case (i) 10% of the peak output:

(a) What average output voltage results?

Average output voltage = Vavg = Vp - Vd - 0.5Vr

Where Vp is the peak output voltage Vd is the voltage drop of diode and Vr is the ripple voltage which is given as a percentage of Vp

Vavg = Vp - Vd - 0.5Vr

Vavg = 16.97 - 0.7 - 0.5[0.1(16.97 - 0.7)]

Vavg = 15.45 V

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

ω = √2Vr/Vp - Vd

ω = √2*0.1(Vp-Vd)/Vp - Vd

ω = √2*0.1(16.97-0.7)/16.97 - 0.7

ω = 0.447 rad

Conduction of diode = (ω/2π)*100

Conduction of diode = (0.447/2π)*100

Conduction of diode = 7.11 %

(c) What is the average diode current?

Average current = Iavg = Vavg/R[ 1 + π( √2(Vp - Vd)/0.1(Vp-Vd))]

Average current = Iavg = 15.45/1000[ 1 + π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.1(16.97-0.7))]

Average current = Iavg = 0.232 A

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Peak current = Ip = Vavg/R[ 1 + 2π( √2(Vp - Vd)/0.1(Vp-Vd))]

Peak current = Ip = 15.45/1000[ 1 + 2π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.1(16.97-0.7))]

Peak current = Ip = 0.449 A

case (ii) 1% of the peak output:

(a) What average output voltage results?

Vavg = 16.97 - 0.7 - 0.5[0.01(16.97 - 0.7)]

Vavg = 16.18 V

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

ω = √2*0.01(Vp-Vd)/Vp - Vd

ω = √2*0.01(16.97-0.7)/16.97 - 0.7

ω = 0.1417 rad

Conduction of diode = (0.1417/2π)*100

Conduction of diode = 2.25 %

(c) What is the average diode current?

Average current = Iavg = 16.18/1000[ 1 + π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.01(16.97-0.7))]

Average current = Iavg = 0.735 A

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Peak current = Ip = 16.18/1000[ 1 + 2π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.01(16.97-0.7))]

Peak current = Ip = 1.453 A

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Distance = (speed) x (time)

Distance = (20 m/s) x (500 s)

Distance = (20 x 500) (m·s / s)

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Answer:

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A ball is launched with initial speed v from ground level up a frictionless slope (This means the ball slides up the slope witho
amid [387]

Answer:

hmax = 1/2 · v²/g

Explanation:

Hi there!

Due to the conservation of energy and since there is no dissipative force (like friction) all the kinetic energy (KE) of the ball has to be converted into gravitational potential energy (PE) when the ball comes to stop.

KE = PE

Where KE is the initial kinetic energy and PE is the final potential energy.

The kinetic energy of the ball is calculated as follows:

KE = 1/2 · m · v²

Where:

m = mass of the ball

v = velocity.

The potential energy is calculated as follows:

PE = m · g · h

Where:

m = mass of the ball.

g = acceleration due to gravity (known value: 9.81 m/s²).

h = height.

At  the maximum height, the potential energy is equal to the initial kinetic energy because the energy is conserved, i.e, all the kinetic energy was converted into potential energy (there was no energy dissipation as heat because there was no friction). Then:

PE = KE

m · g · hmax = 1/2 · m · v²

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4 0
3 years ago
a ballistic pendulum is used to measure the speed of high-speed projectiles. A 6 g bullet A is fired into a 1 kg wood block B su
Galina-37 [17]

Answer:

(a) v-bullet = 399.04 m/s

(b) I = 2.38 kg m/s

(c) T = 2.59 N

Explanation:

(a) To calculate the initial speed of the bullet, you first take into account that the kinetic energy of both wood block and bullet, just after the bullet impacts the block, is equal to the potential gravitational energy of block and bullet when the cord is at 60° respect to the vertical.

The potential energy is given by:

U=(M+m)gh       (1)

U: potential energy

M: mass of the wood block = 1 kg

m: mass of the bullet = 6g = 6.0*10^-3 kg

g: gravitational constant = 9.8m/s^2

h: distance to the ground

The distance to the ground is calculate d by using the information about the length of the cord and the degrees of the cord respect to the vertical:

h=l-lsin\theta\\\\h=2.2m-2,2m\ sin60\°=0.29m

The potential energy is:

U=(1kg+6*10^{-3}kg)(9.8m/s^2)(0.29m)=2.85J

Next, the potential energy is equal to kinetic energy of the block and the bullet at the beginning of its motion:

U=\frac{1}{2}(M+m)v^2\\\\v=\sqrt{2\frac{U}{M+m}}=\sqrt{2\frac{2.85J}{1kg+6*10^{-3}kg}}=2.38\frac{m}{s}

Next, you use the momentum conservation law, in order to calculate the speed of the bullet before the impact:

Mv_1+mv_2=(M+m)v    (2)

v1: initial velocity of the wood block = 0m/s

v2: initial speed of the bullet

v: speed of bullet and block = 2.38m/s

You solve the equation (2) for v2:

M(0)+mv_2=(M+m)v    

v_2=\frac{M+m}{m}v=\frac{1kg+6*10^{-3}kg}{6*10^{-3}kg}(2.38m/s)\\\\v_2=399.04\frac{m}{s}

The speed of the bullet before the impact with the wood block is 399.04 m/s

(b) The impulse is gibe by the change in the velocity of the block, multiplied by the mass of the block:

I=M\Delta v=M(v-v_1)=(1kg)(2.38m/s-0m/s)=2.38kg\frac{m}{s}

The impulse is 2.38 kgm/s

(c) The force on the cord after the impact is equal to the centripetal force over the block and bullet. That is:

T=F_c=(M+m)\frac{v^2}{l}=(1.006kg)\frac{(2.38m/s)^2}{2.2m}=2.59N    

The force on the cord after the impact is 2.59N

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3 years ago
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