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sattari [20]
3 years ago
9

When comparing differences in an amino acid residue at one position between the different proteins in the multiple alignment, wh

at factors do you think would be used to determine if a difference in an amino acid is a conserved change?
Chemistry
1 answer:
bogdanovich [222]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

To understand the utility in sequence comparison and in the search for proteins that have a common evolutionary origin, you need to be clear about some concepts about how to evolve proteins. The idea that is accepted is that throughout the evolution some species are giving rise to new ones. Behind this is the genetic variation of organisms, that is, the evolution of genomes and their genes, as well as the proteins encoded by them.

Explanation:

Three ways can be distinguished by which genes evolve, and by proteins: mutation, duplication and shuffling of domains. When differences between homologous protein sequences are observed, these differences change to do with the way of life of the organism, an example of this, bacteria that live in hot springs at very high temperatures have proteins with a very high denaturation temperature, and these proteins are usually richer in cysteines. On the other hand, the fact that in positions of the sequences they remain unchanged (preserved positions), means that these have a special importance for the maintenance of the structure or function of the protein and its modification has not been tolerated throughout of evolution

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Nitrogen is an element. What is the smallest particle of nitrogen that has all the properties of nitrogen?
oksian1 [2.3K]

Answer:

The structure of the atom.

Explanation:

The correct answer is - The structure of the atom.

Reason -

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element.

6 0
3 years ago
1. What do the ice ages tell us about how Earth's<br> climate has changed in the past?
Levart [38]

Answer:

During ice ages, the most characteristic change to the planet has been the formation and spread large ice sheets and glaciers across much the Northern Hemisphere.

3 0
3 years ago
Scientists need special tools to work in the laboratory. These tools are known as___________
inessss [21]
Instruments

The specific type of instruments depends on the type of laboratory that you're working in: some labs for example use electron microscopes, others use mass spectrophotometers, others use multiplex biochemical analyzers, etc. But very broadly, the specialized tools we use in the laboratory are usually referred to as "instruments"
3 0
3 years ago
Need help asap with this chemistry if someone could help me
Burka [1]

Answer:

<h3>1)</h3>

Structure One:

  • N: -2
  • C: 0
  • O: +1

Structure Two:

  • N: 0
  • C: 0
  • O: -1

Structure Three:

  • N: -1
  • C: 0
  • O: 0.

Structure Number Two would likely be the most stable structure.

<h3>2)</h3>
  • All five C atoms: 0
  • All six H atoms to C: 0
  • N atom: +1.

The N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion. See explanation.

Explanation:

When calculating the formal charge for an atom, the assumption is that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally between the two bonding atoms. The formula for the formal charge of an atom can be written as:

\text{Formal Charge} \\ = \text{Number of Valence Electrons in Element} \\ \phantom{=}-\text{Number of Chemical Bonds} \\\phantom{=} - \text{Number of nonbonding Lone Pair Electrons}.

For example, for the N atom in structure one of the first question,

  • N is in IUPAC group 15. There are 15 - 10 = 5 valence electrons on N.
  • This N atom is connected to only 1 chemical bond.
  • There are three pairs, or 6 electrons that aren't in a chemical bond.

The formal charge of this N atom will be 5 - 1 - 6 = -2.

Apply this rule to the other atoms. Note that a double bond counts as two bonds while a triple bond counts as three.

<h3>1)</h3>

Structure One:

  • N: -2
  • C: 0
  • O: +1

Structure Two:

  • N: 0
  • C: 0
  • O: -1

Structure Three:

  • N: -1
  • C: 0
  • O: 0.

In general, the formal charge on all atoms in a molecule or an ion shall be as close to zero as possible. That rules out Structure number one.

Additionally, if there is a negative charge on one of the atoms, that atom shall preferably be the most electronegative one in the entire molecule. O is more electronegative than N. Structure two will likely be favored over structure three.

<h3>2)</h3>

Similarly,

  • All five C atoms: 0
  • All six H atoms to C: 0
  • N atom: +1.

Assuming that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally (which is likely not the case,) the nitrogen atom in this molecule will carry a positive charge. By that assumption, it would attract an anion.

Note that in reality this assumption seldom holds. In this ion, the N-H bond is highly polarized such that the partial positive charge is mostly located on the H atom bonded to the N atom. This example shows how the formal charge assumption might give misleading information. However, for the sake of this particular problem, the N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion.

5 0
3 years ago
The acid HOCl (hypochlorous acid) is produced by bubbling chlorine gas through a suspension of solid mercury(II) oxide particles
Oliga [24]

Answer:

K = [ HOCl ] . [HgO. HgCl2] / [Cl2]^2 [H2O] [HgO]^2

Explanation:

The law of Mass Action states that, at constant temperature, the rate of reaction is proportional to the active masses of each of the reactants.

The reaction above is a reversible reaction and the law of mass action also applies to it.

The rate of reaction from left-to-right reaction = r1 = k. [Cl2]^2 [H2O] [HgO]^2

Rate of reaction from right - to - left r2 = k. [hocl]^2 [HgO . hgcl2]

Then at equilibrium,

r1 = r2

k1/k2 = [HOCl ]^2 [HgO. HgCl2] / [Cl2]^2 [H2O] [HgO]^2 = K

where K is the equilibrium constant for the reaction.

5 0
3 years ago
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