Set up the ion formation equations, with ionization energy values for each electron in the valence layer, of the atoms of the ch
emical elements below: a) Na z=11 b) Ca z= 20 c) Sr z 38 d) Li z= 3 e) Cs z= 55 f) Be z= 43
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The Boyle-Mariotte's law or Boyle's law is one of the laws of gases that <u>relates the volume (V) and pressure (P) of a certain amount of gas maintained at constant temperature</u>, as follows:
PV = k
where k is a constant.
We can relate the state of a gas at a specific pressure and volume to another state in which the same gas is at different P and V since the product of both variables is equal to a constant, according to the Boyle's law, which will be the same regardless of the state of the gas. In this way,
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Where P₁ and V₁ is the pressure and volume of the gas to a state 1 and P₂ and V₂ is the pressure and volume of the same gas in a state 2.
In this case, in the state 1 the gas occupies a volume V₁ = 100 mL at a pressure of P₁ = 150 kPa. Then, in the state 2 the gas occupies a volume V₂ (that we must calculate through the boyle's law) at a pressure of P₂ = 200 kPa. Substituting these values in the previous equation and clearing V₂, we have,
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ → V₂ =
→ V₂ =
→ V₂ = 75 mL
Then, the volume occupied by the gas at 200 kPa is V₂ = 75 mL
First, isotopes <u>are the atoms of a single element whose nuclei have a different number of neutrons</u>, and therefore, differ in mass numbers. You should know that atoms are formed by a nucleus that has a small size and is made up of protons and neutrons. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons, which are found in a region of the atom called the cortex.
The mass number, represented as A, <u>is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus</u>. On the other hand, the atomic number (Z) is <u>the number of protons that exist in the nucleus. </u>
The isotopes of an element X are represented as follows,
<em>(see first attached picture)</em>
It should be noted that the number of neutrons of a chemical element can be calculated as the difference A-Z.
<u>The atomic and mass numbers of bismuth with 125 neutrons are</u>:
Z = 83
A = 83 + 125 = 208
Thus, the atomic symbol of the bismuth isotope with 125 neutrons is:
<em>(see second attached picture)</em>
