Well, the thing is: we don't really know, as we don't even know how many species there are on earth.
If we take a look at the estimates of <span>World Wide Fund for Nature, an organization that works toward combating species extinction, their estimates vary from 200 to 100 000 - but a probable number is 20 000 (d). </span>
<span />
Answer:
1.6 kg
Step-by-step Solution:
Since Force = mass × acceleration we have:
F = 8N
a= 5 m/s^2
m = ?
By plugging the values above into F=ma we obtain:

Therefore, the Chromebook has a mass of 1.6 kilograms.
Answer:
Cosmic ray's frame of reference: 99,875 years
Stationary frame of reference: 501,891 years
Explanation:
First of all, we convert the distance from parsec into metres:

The speed of the cosmic ray is

where
is the speed of light. Substituting,

And so, the time taken to complete the journey in the cosmic's ray frame of reference (called proper time) is:

Converting into years,

Instead, the time elapsed in the stationary frame of reference is given by Lorentz transformation:

And substituting v = 0.98c, we find:

The apparent magnitude scale is a classification scheme which is based on the brightness of stars. The range of brightness values is from 1 to 6.
The stars which are the most brightest are ranked as number 1 and also called first magnitude stars, stars which are little dimmer than number 1 are ranked as number 2 and also called second magnitude stars. Similarly the most faintest stars are ranked number 6 and also called as the sixth magnitude stars.
Answer:
1). 
2). Toward us
3). 
4). Toward us
5). 
6). Away from us
7). 
8). Away from us
Explanation:
Spectral lines will be shifted to the blue part of the spectrum if the source of the observed light is moving toward the observer, or to the red part of the spectrum when it is moving away from the observer (that is known as the Doppler effect).
The wavelength at rest is 121.6 nm (
)

Then, for this particular case it is gotten:
Star 1: 
Star 2:
Star 3:
Star 4:
Star 1:
Toward us
Star 2:
Toward us
Star 3:

Away from us
Star 4:

Away from us
Due to that shift the velocity of the star can be determine by means of Doppler velocity.
(1)
Where
is the wavelength shift,
is the wavelength at rest, v is the velocity of the source and c is the speed of light.
(2)
<em>Case for star 1
:</em>
<em></em>
Notice that the negative velocity means that is approaching to the observer.
<em>Case for star 2
:</em>
<em>Case for star 3
:</em>
<em>Case for star 4
:</em>