Answer:
To calculate Percent in fraction You need to do following steps.
Divide number by 100.
=20/100
=1/5
This bifurcation is called a saddle-node bifurcation. In it, a pair of hyperbolic equilibria, one stable and one unstable, coalesce at the bifurcation point, annihilate each other and disappear.
<h3>What is a bifurcation equilibria?</h3>
- The mathematical study of changes in a family of curves' qualitative or topological structure, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields or the solutions to a family of differential equations, is known as bifurcation theory.
- A bifurcation happens when a tiny, gradual change in a system's parameter values (the bifurcation parameters) results in an abrupt, "qualitative," or topological change in the system's behavior.
- This term is most frequently used to refer to the mathematical study of dynamical systems.
- Both continuous systems (represented by ordinary, delay, or partial differential equations) and discrete systems can experience bifurcations (described by maps).
To learn more about bifurcation equilibria, refer to
brainly.com/question/14728055
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As proton is heavier then electron, and electrostatic force is directly proportional to mass, so it would be greater and direction would be changed 'cause of different charges.
In short, Your Answer would be Option 4
Hope this helps!
Answer:
c. 3/2 mg
Explanation:
Given that the acceleration of an elevator is 1/2 g upward.
The reading on the scale of the elevator is the net external force acting on the elevator.
Let the force F acting on the elevator as shown,
By using Newton's 2nd law, 
where, 
is the net force acting on the elevator.
m is the mass of the elevator,
a is the acceleration of the elevator, as given a=1/2 g upward.
So, 
So, the reading on the scale in the elevator is 
.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
