stimate the maximum efficiency of an automobile engine that has a compression ratio of 5:1.0. Assume the engine operates accordi
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Answer:
The graphs are attached below
Explanation:
Ans) We know,
F(t) = K(t - to) + zΔ∅ ln[(1 + F(t)/zΔ∅]
where K = hydraulic conductivity =0.1 cm/hr
z = capillary suction =20cm
Δ∅ = ∅ (1 - Se)
∅ = effective porosity , Se = initial moisture content
Δ∅ = 0.40(1 - 0.15)
Δ∅ = 0.34
Now, F(t) = 0.1(t - to) + 20(0.34) ln[ 1 + F(t)/6.8]
F(t) = 0.1(t - to) + 6.8 ln [1+ 0.147 F(t)]
Also, infiltration rate (f),
f = K [(zΔ∅ + F)/F]
f = 0.40 [6.8 + F]/F
Condition of ponding,
Ponding time tp = K zΔ∅ i(i-k)
where, i = rainfall rate (1cm/hr)
tp = 0.40(6.8) / 0.60
tp= 4.53 hours
Now, cumulative infiltraton at ponding Fp = i tp
Fp = 1 x 4.53 or 4.53 cm
For infiltration at time less then ponding time , infiltration rate = rainfall rate
For t = 0.25 hr , f = 1cm/hr ; F = 0.25 x 1 = 0.25 cm
For t = 0.50 hr , f = 1cm/hr ; F = 0.50 cm
For t = 0.75 hr , f = 1cm/hr ; F = 0.75 cm
For t = 1 hr , f = 1cm/hr ; F = 1cm/hr
For t > tp ,
Equivalent time origin(to),
to = tp - 1/K [ Fp - z Δ∅ ln (1+ Fp/zΔ∅)
to = 4.53 - 1/0.40[ 4.53 - 6.8 ln(1 + 0.66)
to = 4.53 - 2.5 ( 4.53 - 3.44)
to = 1.82 hr
Hence,
F = 0.10( t - 1.82) + 6.8 ln[ 1+ 0.147F(t)]
Solving above equation for t by assuming F, and further solving equation for infiltration rate
Ans (a) Following is required curve :
O.S 1-5 2 time Chr)ホー Lt 2 time Chr)
Ans (c) Following is required table :
Ans (d) For time step t = 0.25 hrs
At t < tp ; i = f = 1 cm/hr
F = i x t
F = 1 x 0.25
F = 0.25 cm
Answer:
(a) We are asked to compute the Brinell hardness for the given indentation. for HB, where P= 1000 kg, d= 2.3 mm, and D= 10 mm.
Thus, the Brinell hardness is computed as
(b) This part of the problem calls for us to determine the indentation diameter d which will yield a 270 HB when P= 500 kg.