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Romashka-Z-Leto [24]
3 years ago
13

Ideal gas (n 2.388 moles) is heated at constant volume from T1 299.5 K to final temperature T2 369.5 K. Calculate the work and h

eat during the process and the change of entropy of the gas. The isobaric heat capacity of the gas is Cp.m 28.253 J-K1-mol1.
Chemistry
1 answer:
bija089 [108]3 years ago
7 0

Answer : The work, heat during the process and the change of entropy of the gas are, 0 J, 3333.003 J and -10 J respectively.

Explanation :

(a) At constant volume condition the entropy change of the gas is:

\Delta S=-n\times C_v\ln \frac{T_2}{T_1}

We know that,

The relation between the C_p\text{ and }C_v for an ideal gas are :

C_p-C_v=R

As we are given :

C_p=28.253J/K.mole

28.253J/K.mole-C_v=8.314J/K.mole

C_v=19.939J/K.mole

Now we have to calculate the entropy change of the gas.

\Delta S=-n\times C_v\ln \frac{T_2}{T_1}

\Delta S=-2.388\times 19.939J/K.mole\ln \frac{369.5K}{299.5K}=-10J

(b) As we know that, the work done for isochoric (constant volume) is equal to zero. (w=-pdV)

(C) Heat during the process will be,

q=n\times C_v\times (T_2-T_1)=2.388mole\times 19.939J/K.mole\times (369.5-299.5)K= 3333.003J

Therefore, the work, heat during the process and the change of entropy of the gas are, 0 J, 3333.003 J and -10 J respectively.

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Sulfuric acid is produced in larger amounts by weight than any other chemical. It is used in manufacturing fertilizers, oil refi
Fed [463]

Answer:

A. -166.6 kJ/mol

B. -127.7 kJ/mol

C. -133.9 kJ/mol

Explanation:

Let's consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide.

2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO₃(g)     ΔG° = -141.8 kJ

The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) can be calculated using the following expression:

ΔG = ΔG° + R.T.lnQ

where,

ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy

R is the ideal gas constant

T is the absolute temperature (25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K)

Q is the reaction quotient

The molar concentration of each gas ([]) can be calculated from its pressure (P) using the following expression:

[]=\frac{P}{R.T}

<em>Calculate ΔG at 25°C given the following sets of partial pressures.</em>

<em>Part A  130atm SO₂, 130atm O₂, 2.0atm SO₃. Express your answer using four significant figures.</em>

[SO_{2}]=[O_{2}]=\frac{130atm}{(0.08206atm.L/mol.K).298K} =5.32M

[SO_{3}]=\frac{2.0atm}{(0.08206atm.L/mol.K).298K} =0.0818M

Q=\frac{[SO_3]^{2} }{[SO_{2}]^{2}.[O_{2}] } =\frac{0.0818^{2} }{5.32^{3} } =4.44 \times 10^{-5}

ΔG = ΔG° + R.T.lnQ = -141.8 kJ/mol + (8.314 × 10⁻³ kJ/mol.K) × 298 K × ln (4.44 × 10⁻⁵) = -166.6 kJ/mol

<em>Part B  5.0atm SO₂, 3.0atm O₂, 30atm SO₃  Express your answer using four significant figures.</em>

<em />

[SO_{2}]=\frac{5.0atm}{(0.08206atm.L/mol.K).298K}=0.204M

[O_{2}]=\frac{3.0atm}{(0.08206atm.L/mol.K).298K}=0.123M

[SO_{3}]=\frac{30atm}{(0.08206atm.L/mol.K).298K}=1.23M

Q=\frac{[SO_3]^{2} }{[SO_{2}]^{2}.[O_{2}] } =\frac{1.23^{2} }{0.204^{2}.0.123 } =296

ΔG = ΔG° + R.T.lnQ = -141.8 kJ/mol + (8.314 × 10⁻³ kJ/mol.K) × 298 K × ln 296 = -127.7 kJ/mol

<em>Part C Each reactant and product at a partial pressure of 1.0 atm.  Express your answer using four significant figures.</em>

<em />

[SO_{2}]=[O_{2}]=[SO_{3}]=\frac{1.0atm}{(0.08206atm.L/mol.K).298K}=0.0409M

Q=\frac{[SO_3]^{2} }{[SO_{2}]^{2}.[O_{2}] } =\frac{0.0409^{2} }{0.0409^{3}} =24.4

ΔG = ΔG° + R.T.lnQ = -141.8 kJ/mol + (8.314 × 10⁻³ kJ/mol.K) × 298 K × ln 24.4 = -133.9 kJ/mol

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