Answer:
The oxidation state of sulfur, S, is +6, and the oxidation state of oxygen, O, is - 2:
Explanation:
Application of rules
1. <u>Ion SO₄²⁻</u>
In a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms that constitute the compound is equal to zero. In ions the sum of the oxidation states of the atoms is equal to the charge of the ion.
- In this case, the ion SO₄²⁻ has charge negative 2: - 2
<u>2. Oxygen</u>
With the exception of the peroxides, when oxygen is combined with other elements, it always has oxidation state - 2.
Hence, the total charge of the four atoms of oxygen in SO₄²⁻ is 4×(-2) = - 8.
<u>3. Sulfur</u>
Therefore, naming x the unknown oxidation state of S, you can set this equation:
- x + ( - 8) = - 2
- ⇒ x = - 2- ( - 8) = - 2 + 8 = + 6
Conclusion
- In SO₄²⁻, the oxidation state of sulfur, S, is +6, and the oxidation state of oxygen, O, is - 2.
Answer:
a chemical reaction or other process in which the products themselves promote or spread the reaction, which under certain conditions may accelerate dramatically.
Explanation:
the self-sustaining fission reaction spread by neutrons which occurs in nuclear reactors and bombs.
a series of events, each caused by the previous one.
Ionization energies evidence for the quantization of energy levels in atoms, as described by the Schrodinger wave mechanical model of the atom because it takes a specific amount of energy to remove the definite one electron from an atom.
Explanation:
- Ionization energies evidence for the quantization of energy levels in atoms, as described by the Schrodinger wave mechanical model of the atom because it takes a specific amount of energy to remove the definite one electron from an atom.
- There is an approximate amount of energy which is needed to overcome the attractive force between the electrons and nucleus.
- If you put less than the required ionization energy, then the electrons can not be removed.
<u>Answer:</u>
Carbon and silicon both are tetravalent elements as compared to germanium, tin, and lead which are divalent.
That's because Ge, tin, and Pb show inert pair effect and has a greater nuclear effective charge on the 's' electrons due to poor shielding effect. .That's why these elements are not able to share their valence electrons while carbon and silicon does and show "catenation" which is the ability to form long chain molecules.
