The initial void ratio is the <em>parameter </em>which is used to show the structural foundations for each <em>specimen of sand </em>so that the method and speed of compression would be <em>measured</em>.
Relative density is the mass per unit volume of each specimen of sand which is <em>measured </em>and it has to do with the<em> relative ratio</em> of the density of the sand.
Unit weight is the the exact weight per cubic foot of the sand which is measured.
Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview to help you better understand the concept
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Answer:
the pressure gradient in the x direction = -15.48Pa/m
Explanation:
- The concept of partial differentiation was used in the determination of the expression for u and v.
- each is partially differentiated with respect to x and the appropriate substitution was done to get the value of the pressure gradient as shown in the attached file.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Solution:-
- The shell and tube heat exchanger are designated by the order of tube and shell passes.
- A single tube pass: The fluid enters from inlet, exchange of heat, the fluid exits.
- A multiple tube pass: The fluid enters from inlet, exchange of heat, U bend of the fluid, exchange of heat, .... ( nth order of pass ), and then exits.
- By increasing the number of passes we have increased the "retention time" of a specific volume of tube fluid; hence, providing sufficient time for the fluid to exchange heat with the shell fluid.
- By making more U-turns we are allowing greater length for the fluid flow to develop with " constriction and turns " into turbulence. This turbulence usually at the final passes allows mixing of fluid and increases the heat transfer coefficient by:
U ∝ v^( 0.8 ) .... ( turbulence )
- The higher the velocity of the fluids the greater the heat transfer coefficient. The increase in the heat transfer coefficient will allow less heat energy carried by either of the fluids to be wasted ; hence, reduced losses.
Thereby, increases the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger ( higher NTU units ).
Answer:
Answer for the question :
"the two boxcars A and B have a weight of 20 000 Ib and 30 000 Ib, respectively. If they coast freely down the incline when the brakes are applied to all the wheels of car A causing it to skid, determine the force in the coupling C between the two cars. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the wheels of A and the tracks is μk=0.5. The wheels of car B are free to roll. Neglect their mass in calculation."
is explained in the attachment.
Explanation:
Answer:
a) , b)
Explanation:
a) The coefficient of performance of a reversible refrigeration cycle is:
Temperatures must be written on absolute scales (Kelvin for SI units, Rankine for Imperial units)
b) The respective coefficient of performance is determined:
But:
The temperature at hot reservoir is found with some algebraic help: