Answer: the refraction of light by the atmosphere
Explanation: Refraction is the phenomenon in which there is a change in direction of light passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium.
Here in case of sunset, the sun rays passes through the varying density of atmosphere because of varying concentrations of dust particles.
Reflection is the phenomenon in which the light bounces back after falling on a surface.
Absorption is the phenomenon in which matter captures the electromagnetic radiations and thus the energy of photons is converted to internal energy of the system.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
Free fall acceleration on mars 
Time Period of pendulum on earth 
Time period of Pendulum is given by

for earth



(b)For same time period on mars length is given by



The power developed is 500 W ( to the nearest Watt)
Power(P) is the rate at which work is done. Work done (W) is the product of the force applied on the object and the displacement (s) made by the point of application of the force.


Therefore,

Substitute the given values of force , displacement and time


Thus the Power can be rounded off to the nearest value of 500 W
It is a stretch of the atmosphere ranging from the upper mesosphere to the lower parts of the thermosphere. It’s useful to us in radio communication.
the force applied when using a simple machine is called the effort force