Question

An astronaut lands on a new planet. The new planet’s mass is half that of the

Answer 1

Ah hah !  Very nice problem.

-- Since the mass is 1/2 of the Earth's mass, the gravitational forces between him
and the new planet would be 1/2 of what they are on Earth.

-- Since the distance between him and the center of the new planet is 1/2 of the
distance between him and the Earth's center, the gravitational forces between him
and the new planet would be (2)² = 4 times what they are on Earth.

-- These conditions combine to make his weight  (1/2) x (4) = 2 times his earth weight.

-- He weighs 1,000 N (about 224.8 pounds) on the new planet.

(Maybe that's why they selected an astronaut for this mission who only weighs
about 112.5 pounds on Earth.)