All of the statements describe hydrogen bonds EXCEPT: a. Hydrogen bonds account for the anomalously high boiling point of water.
b. In liquid water, the average water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with two to three other water molecules. c. Individual hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds. d. Individual hydrogen bonds in liquid water exist for many seconds and sometimes for minutes. e. The strength of a hydrogen bond depends on the linearity of the atoms involved in the bond.
Hydrogen bond is an intermolecular interaction/bonding that are formed between an electronegative atom (such as nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine) and a hydrogen atom. They are weak intermolecular bonds compared to covalent bonds but account for the high boiling point of water because of the strong hydrogen bond presence between the water molecules. Water molecules form hydrogen bonds between each other; since an oxygen atom (in a water molecule) has two lone pairs on it's outermost shell, it forms an hydrogen bond with two hydrogen atoms of other water molecule. Due to the fluidity of liquid water molecules, hydrogen bonds keep getting broken (although recreated/formed almost immediately), hence, individual hydrogen bonds in liquid water does not exist for long.
In the explanation above, it was stated that the strength of the hydrogen bond in water is the reason for it's high boiling point. The atoms in a water molecule are bent NOT linear hence the strength of hydrogen bond does not depend on the linearity of the atoms involved in the bond.
Well, the only way you would get clouds is evaporation, a liquid to a gas. (Change of matter) the clouds would not turn into rain without percipitation, gas to water. (Change of matter.)
Carbon has 4 valence electrons so to gain a noble gas electron configuration, which has 8 valence electrons and is the most electrically stable, carbon needs 4 more electrons.
