Permanent normal trade relations were established between
China and the United States of America where exports from China can enter the
country with the same tariffs as other trading partners. By doing this could help contribute to the
development of democracy in China.
I'd go with d. applied research. :-)
I believe the answer is: increasing generalizability
Generalizability refers to the extend that a conclusion of a research could be applicable to different people. As generalizability goes higher, The reliability of the measurement would be increased. and it could easily be replicable even if the test subjects are drastically altered.
It is very difficult to imagine human existence without conflict. The world is full of conflict, because human beings tend to be conflictive.
Conflict is part of the structure of our bilateral or multilateral relations, that is, our social life.
Understanding the principle of nonviolence as well as the nature of the UN's action against the Gaddafi dictatorship first of all requires understanding the motivations (why) of conflict in our lives.