The atomic number of Li is 3
Electron configuration of Li : 1s² 2s¹
The atomic number of Na is 11
Electron configuration of Na : 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
Thus there is one electron in the valence shell of Li (2s¹) and that of Na (3s¹). However, the valence electron in Na is in a shell that is farther away from the nucleus compared to that of Li. As a result, the Na valence electron will be held less tightly by the nucleus i.e. it will experience a reduced nuclear attraction and can be removed easily than the Li 2s electron.
The heat/enthalpy of vaporization of water represents the energy input required to convert one mole of water into vapor at a constant temperature. Intermolecular forces including hydrogen bondings of significant strength hold water molecules in place under its liquid state. Whereas the molecules experience almost no intermolecular interactions under the gaseous state- consider the way noble gases molecules interact. It is thus necessary to supply sufficient energy to overcome all intermolecular interactions present in the substance under its liquid state to convert the substance into a gas. The heat of vaporization is thus related to the strength of the intermolecular interactions.
Water molecules contain hydrogen atoms bonded directly to oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative and take major control of electrons in hydrogen-oxygen bonds. Hydrogen atoms in water molecules thus experience a strong partial-positive charge and would attract lone pairs of electron on neighboring water molecules. "Hydrogen bonds" refer to the attraction between hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative elements and lone pairs of electrons. The hydrogen-oxygen bonds in water molecules are so polarized that hydrogen bonds in water are stronger than both dipole-dipole interactions and London Dispersion Forces in most other molecules. It thus take high amounts of energy to separate water molecules sufficiently apart such that they no longer experience intermolecular interactions and behave collectively like a gas. As a result, water has one of the highest heat of vaporization among covalent molecules of similar sizes.
+molecule size +steepness of the concentration gradient +temperature + steepness of the electric gradient +steepness
The importance of the Galapagos to Darwin theory is chances Darwin discovered several species of finches that varied from island to island .
A big part of reason it is so famous is because of Darwin finches.
which are 12 <span>species ,also the Darwin theory is only gradually accepted because people don't believe in them today</span>
Magma that cools quickly forms one kind of igneous rock, and magma that cools slowly forms another kind. When magma rise from deep within the earth and explodes out of a volcano, it is called lava, and it cools quickly on the surface. Rock formed in this way is called extrusive igneous rock.