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lara31 [8.8K]
3 years ago
12

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? (2 points) Every reaction is equal to the force applied. Forces are balanced when they ar

e equal and opposite. The smaller the mass of an object, the greater the acceleration of that object when a force is applied. The greater the force applied, the greater the acceleration. An object at rest or in motion will remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Physics
1 answer:
raketka [301]3 years ago
5 0

Well, they're not quite the way Newton expressed it, but out of all this mess of statements, there are two that are correct AND come from Newton's 2nd Law of Motion:

<em>-- The smaller the mass of an object, the greater the acceleration of that object when a force is applied. </em>

<em>-- The greater the force applied, the greater the acceleration.</em>

For the <u><em>other </em></u>statements in the question:

-- <em>Every reaction is equal to the force applied.</em>  True; comes from Newton's <u><em>3rd</em></u> law of motion.

-- <em>Forces are balanced when they are equal and opposite.</em>  True; kind of a definition, not from Newton's laws of motion.

-- <em>An object at rest or in motion will remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. </em>  True; comes from Newton's <em><u>1st </u></em>law of motion.



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A 4 kg textbook sits on a desk. It is pushed horizontally with a 50 N applied force against a 15 N frictional force.
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a) See free-body diagram in attachment

b) The book is stationary in the vertical direction

c) The net horizontal force is 35 N in the forward direction

d) The net force on the book is 35 N in the forward horizontal direction

e) The acceleration is 8.75 m/s^2 in the forward direction

Explanation:

a)

The free-body diagram of a body represents all the forces acting on the body using arrows, where the length of each arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the force and points in the same direction.

From the diagram of this book, we see there are 4 forces acting on the book:

- The applied force, F = 50 N, pushing forward in the horizontal direction

- The frictional force, F_f = 15 N, pulling backward in the horizontal direction (the frictional force always acts in the direction opposite to the motion)

- The weight of the book, W=mg, where m is the mass of the book and g=9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration of gravity, acting downward. We can calculate its magnitude using the mass of the book, m = 4 kg:

W=(4)(9.8)=39.2 N

- The normal reaction exerted by the desk on the book, N, acting upward, and balancing the weight of the book

b)

The book is in equilibrium in the vertical direction, therefore there is no motion.

In fact, the magnitude of the normal reaction (N) exerted by the desk on the book is exactly equal to the weight of the book (W), so the equation of motion along the vertical direction is

N-W=ma

where a is the acceleration; however, since N = W, this becomes

a=0

And since the book is initially at rest on the desk, this means that there is no motion.

c)

We said there are two forces acting in the horizontal direction:

- The applied force, F = 50 N, forward

- The frictional force, F_f = 15 N, backward

Since they act along the same line, we can calculate their resultant as

\sum F = F - F_f = 50 - 15 = 35 N

and therefore the net force is 35 N in the forward direction.

d)

The net force is obtained as the resultant  of the net forces in the horizontal and vertical direction. However, we have:

- The net force in the horizontal direction is 35 N

- The net force in the vertical direction is zero, because the weight is balanced by the normal reaction

Therefore, this means that the total net force acting on the book is just the net force acting on the horizontal direction, so 35 N forward.

e)

The acceleration of the book can be calculated by using Newton's second law:

\sum F = ma

where

\sum F is the net force

m is the mass

a is the acceleration

Here we have:

\sum F = 35 N (in the forward direction)

m = 4 kg

Therefore, the acceleration is

a=\frac{\sum F}{m}=\frac{35}{4}=8.75 m/s^2 (forward)

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