a) See free-body diagram in attachment
b) The book is stationary in the vertical direction
c) The net horizontal force is 35 N in the forward direction
d) The net force on the book is 35 N in the forward horizontal direction
e) The acceleration is in the forward direction
Explanation:
a)
The free-body diagram of a body represents all the forces acting on the body using arrows, where the length of each arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the force and points in the same direction.
From the diagram of this book, we see there are 4 forces acting on the book:
- The applied force, F = 50 N, pushing forward in the horizontal direction
- The frictional force, , pulling backward in the horizontal direction (the frictional force always acts in the direction opposite to the motion)
- The weight of the book, , where m is the mass of the book and
is the acceleration of gravity, acting downward. We can calculate its magnitude using the mass of the book, m = 4 kg:
- The normal reaction exerted by the desk on the book, N, acting upward, and balancing the weight of the book
b)
The book is in equilibrium in the vertical direction, therefore there is no motion.
In fact, the magnitude of the normal reaction (N) exerted by the desk on the book is exactly equal to the weight of the book (W), so the equation of motion along the vertical direction is
where a is the acceleration; however, since N = W, this becomes
And since the book is initially at rest on the desk, this means that there is no motion.
c)
We said there are two forces acting in the horizontal direction:
- The applied force, F = 50 N, forward
- The frictional force, , backward
Since they act along the same line, we can calculate their resultant as
and therefore the net force is 35 N in the forward direction.
d)
The net force is obtained as the resultant of the net forces in the horizontal and vertical direction. However, we have:
- The net force in the horizontal direction is 35 N
- The net force in the vertical direction is zero, because the weight is balanced by the normal reaction
Therefore, this means that the total net force acting on the book is just the net force acting on the horizontal direction, so 35 N forward.
e)
The acceleration of the book can be calculated by using Newton's second law:
where
is the net force
m is the mass
a is the acceleration
Here we have:
(in the forward direction)
m = 4 kg
Therefore, the acceleration is
(forward)
Learn more about forces, weight and Newton's second law:
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Answer:
Part a)
Part b)
Explanation:
As we know that mountain climber is at rest so net force on it must be zero
So we will have force balance in X direction
now we will have force balance in Y direction
Part a)
so from above equations we have
Part b)
Now for tension in right string we will have
Answer:
<em>a) 3.56 x 10^22 N</em>
<em>b) 3.56 x 10^22 N</em>
<em></em>
Explanation:
Mass of the sun M = 2 x 10^30 kg
mass of the Earth m = 6 x 10^24 kg
Distance between the sun and the Earth R = 1.5 x 10^11 m
From Newton's law,
F =
where F is the gravitational force between the sun and the Earth
G is the gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10^-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2
m is the mass of the Earth
M is the mass of the sun
R is the distance between the sun and the Earth.
Substituting values, we have
F = = <em>3.56 x 10^22 N</em>
<em></em>
A) The force exerted by the sun on the Earth is equal to the force exerted by the Earth on the Sun also, and the force is equal to <em>3.56 x 10^22 N</em>
b) The force exerted by the Earth on the Sun = <em>3.56 x 10^22 N</em>