D. All of the answers are true
Grams of Phosphorus = 4.14 grams
Grams of white compound = 27.8 grams
Grams of Chlorine would be = 27.8 - 4.14 = 23.66 grams
Calculating moles which would be grams / molar mass
Molar mass of P = 30.97 grams / moles; Molar mass of Cl = 35.45 grams / moles
Moles of Phosphorus = 4.14 grams / 30.97 grams / moles = 0.1337 moles
Moles of Chlorine = 23.66 grams / 35.45 grams / moles = 0.6674 moles
Calculating the ratios by dividing with the small entity
P = 0.1337 moles / 0.1337 moles = 1
Cl = 0.6674 moles / 0.1337 moles = 5
So the empirical formula would be PCl5
As the question tells you, you need to use the formula
% mass= mass of solute/ mass of solution x 100
mass solute= 30.0 g
mass of solution= 30.0 + 270.0= 300.0 g
% mass= 30.0/ 300.0 x 100= 10%
answer is B