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NeX [460]
3 years ago
8

Why is it important to know the accuracy and precision of a measuring device? Do you think that the dial caliper manufacturer’s

claim that the ""accuracy"" of the instrument is ±.001 is appropriate? Why or why not? Do you think that either of the dial calipers needs to be adjusted to accurately display measurements? Explain.
Engineering
1 answer:
Leto [7]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Accuracy and precision allow us to know how much we can rely on a measuring device readings. ±.001 as a "accuracy" claim is vague because there is no unit next to the figure and the claim fits better to the definition of precision.

Explanation:

Accuracy and Precision: the golden couple.

Accuracy and precision are key elements to define if a measuring device is reliable or not for a specific task. Accuracy determines how close are the readings from the ideal/calculated values. On the other hand, precision refers to repeatability, that is to say how constant the readings of a device are when measuring the same element at different times. One of those two key concepts may not fulfill the criteria for measuring tool to be used on certain engineering projects where lack of accuracy (disntant values from real ones) or precision (not constant readings) may lead to malfunctons and severe delays on the project development.

±.001 what unit?

The manufacturer says that is an accuracy indicator, nevertheless there is now unit stated so this is not useful to see how accurate the device is. Additionally, That notation is more used to refer to device tolerances, that is to say the range of possible values the instrument may show when reading and element. It means it tells us more about the device precision during measurments than actual accuracy. I would recommend the following to the dial calipers manufacturers to better explain its measurement specifications:

  1. Use  ±.001 as  a reference for precision. It is important to add the respective unit for that figure.
  2. Condcut test to define the actual accuracy value an present it using one of the common used units for that:  Error percentage or ppm.

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Consider a regenerative gas-turbine power plant with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The overall pressure
iris [78.8K]

Answer: the minimum mass flow rate of air required to generate a power output of 105 MW is 238.2 kg/s

Explanation:

from the T-S diagram, we get the overall pressure ratio of the cycle is 9

Calculate the pressure ratio in each stage of compression and expansion. P1/P2 = P4/P3  = √9 = 3

P5/P6 = P7/P8  = √9 =3  

get the properties of air from, "TABLE A-17 Ideal-gas properties of air", in the text book.

At temperature T1 =300K

Specific enthalpy of air h1 = 300.19 kJ/kg

Relative pressure pr1 = 1.3860  

At temperature T5 = 1200 K

Specific enthalpy h5 = 1277.79 kJ/kg

Relative pressure pr5 = 238  

Calculate the relative pressure at state 2

Pr2 = (P2/P1) Pr5

Pr2 =3 x 1.3860 = 4.158  

get the two values of relative pressure between which the relative pressure at state 2 lies and take the corresponding values of specific enthalpy from, "TABLE A-17 Ideal-gas properties of air", in the text book.  

Relative pressure pr = 4.153

The corresponding specific enthalpy h = 411.12 kJ/kg  

Relative pressure pr = 4.522

The corresponding specific enthalpy h = 421.26 kJ/kg  

Find the specific enthalpy of state 2 by the method of interpolation

(h2 - 411.12) / ( 421.26 - 411.12) =  

(4.158 - 4.153) / (4.522 - 4.153 )

h2 - 411.12 = (421.26 - 411.12) ((4.158 - 4.153) / (4.522 - 4.153))  

h2 - 411.12 = 0.137

h2 = 411.257kJ/kg  

Calculate the relative pressure at state 6.

Pr6 = (P6/P5) Pr5

Pr6 = 1/3 x 238 = 79.33  

Obtain the two values of relative pressure between which the relative pressure at state 6 lies and take the corresponding values of specific enthalpy from, "TABLE A-17 Ideal-gas properties of air", in the text book.  

Relative pressure Pr = 75.29

The corresponding specific enthalpy h = 932.93 kJ/kg  

Relative pressure pr = 82.05

The corresponding specific enthalpy h = 955.38 kJ/kg  

Find the specific enthalpy of state 6 by the method of interpolation.

(h6 - 932.93) / ( 955.38 - 932.93) =  

(79.33 - 75.29) / ( 82.05 - 75.29 )

(h6 - 932.93) = ( 955.38 - 932.93) ((79.33 - 75.29) / ( 82.05 - 75.29 )

h6 - 932.93 = 13.427

h6 = 946.357 kJ/kg

Calculate the total work input of the first and second stage compressors

(Wcomp)in = 2(h2 - h1 ) = 2( 411.257 - 300.19 )

= 222.134 kJ/kg  

Calculate the total work output of the first and second stage turbines.

(Wturb)out = 2(h5 - h6) = 2( 1277.79 - 946.357 )

= 662.866 kJ/kg  

Calculate the net work done

Wnet = (Wturb)out  - (Wcomp)in

= 662.866 - 222.134

= 440.732 kJ/kg  

Calculate the minimum mass flow rate of air required to generate a power output of 105 MW

W = m × Wnet

(105 x 10³) kW = m(440.732 kJ/kg)

m = (105 x 10³) / 440.732

m = 238.2 kg/s

therefore the minimum mass flow rate of air required to generate a power output of 105 MW is 238.2 kg/s

4 0
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While discussing what affects the amount of pressure exerted by the brakes: Technician A says that the shorter the line, the mor
harina [27]

Answer:

Only Technician B is right.

Explanation:

The cylindrical braking system for a car works through the mode of pressure transmission, that is, the pressure applied to the brake pedals, is transmitted to the brake pad through the cylindrical piston.

Pressure applied on the pedal, P(pedal) = P(pad)

And the Pressure is the applied force/area for either pad or pedal. That is, P(pad) = Force(pad)/A(pad) & P(pedal) = F(pedal)/A(pedal)

If the area of piston increases, A(pad) increases and the P(pad) drops, Meaning, the pressure transmitted to the pad reduces. And for most cars, there's a pressure limit for the braking system to work.

If the A(pad) increases, P(pad) decreases and the braking force applied has to increase, to counter balance the dropping pressure and raise it.

This whole setup does not depend on the length of the braking lines; it only depends on the applied force and cross sectional Area (size) of the piston.

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2 years ago
3. Briefly explain the conduction mechanism in metals?​
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Answer:

conduction occurs when a substance is heated

Explanation:

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What is a ton of refrigeration?
AURORKA [14]

Explanation:

The unit refrigeration is generally is given in terms of tons.In refrigeration compressor consume some amount of work to produce the cooling effect  with the help of evaporator and condenser.

In the simple words ton is the cooling load of refrigeration system.

So  

1 ton = 3.5 KW

1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hr

 

6 0
3 years ago
Suggest appropriate materials for a cylinder head and give four reason for your choice​
ycow [4]

Answer:

head and give four reason for your choice

7 0
3 years ago
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