Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Part d)
As we know that due to induction of charge there will be same charge appear on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder but the sign of the charge must be different
On the inner side of the cylinder there will be negative charge induce on the inner surface and on the outer surface of the cylinder there will be same magnitude charge with positive sign.
Explanation:
Part a)
By Guass law we know that



Part b)
Outside the outer cylinder we will again use Guass law



Part d)
As we know that due to induction of charge there will be same charge appear on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder but the sign of the charge must be different
On the inner side of the cylinder there will be negative charge induce on the inner surface and on the outer surface of the cylinder there will be same magnitude charge with positive sign.
Answer: Speeding up the orbital speed of earth so it escapes the sun require the greater energy.
Explanation: To find the answer, we need to know more about the Orbital and escape velocities.
<h3>
What is Orbital and Escape velocity?</h3>
- Orbital velocity can be defined as the minimum velocity required to put the satellite in its orbit around the earth.
- The expression for orbital velocity near to the surface of earth will be,

- Escape velocity can be defined as the minimum velocity with which a body must be projected from the surface of earth, so that it escapes from the gravitational field of earth.
- The expression for orbital velocity will be,

- If we want to get into the sun, we want to slow down almost completely, so that your speed relative to the sun became almost zero.
- We need about twice the raw speed to go to the sun than to leave the sun.
Thus, we can conclude that, the speeding up the orbital speed of earth so it escapes the sun require the greater energy.
Learn more about orbital and escape velocity here:
brainly.com/question/28045208
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Delis cactus is the correct way to write it.
Answer:
3.036×10⁻¹⁰ N
Explanation:
From newton's law of universal gravitation,
F = Gm1m2/r² .............................. Equation 1
Where F = Gravitational force between the balls, m1 = mass of the first ball, m2 = mass of the second ball, r = distance between their centers.
G = gravitational constant
Given: m1 = 7.9 kg, m2 = 6.1 kg, r = 2.0 m, G = 6.67×10⁻¹¹ Nm²/C²
Substituting into equation 1
F = 6.67×10⁻¹¹×7.9×6.1/2²
F = 321.427×10⁻¹¹/4
F = 30.36×10⁻¹¹
F = 3.036×10⁻¹⁰ N
Hence the force between the balls = 3.036×10⁻¹⁰ N
The answer is B) <span>equilibrium
hope this helps!=-)</span>