Answer:
1.Metals
These are very hard except sodium
These are malleable and ductile pieces
These are shiny
Electropositive in nature
Non-metals
These are soft except diamond
These are brittle and can break down into pieces
These are non-lustrous except iodine
Electronegative in nature
2. The electrochemical series helps to pick out substances that are good oxidizing agents and those which are good reducing agents.In an electrochemical series the species which are placed above hydrogen are more difficult to be reduced and their standard reduction potential values are negative.
3. Arrhenius theory, theory, introduced in 1887 by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius, that acids are substances that dissociate in water to yield electrically charged atoms or molecules, called ions, one of which is a hydrogen ion (H+), and that bases ionize in water to yield hydroxide ions (OH−).
4. The common application of indicators is the detection of end points of titrations. The colour of an indicator alters when the acidity or the oxidizing strength of the solution, or the concentration of a certain chemical species, reaches a critical range of values.
Addition of chlorine to water gives both hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hypochlorous acid (HClO)
What are Transition metal oxides ?
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are another class of nanomaterials, frequently used as anode in alkaline batteries due to their distinctive properties such as abundant active sites, short diffusion pathways, low preparation cost, high theoretical capacity and distinct reaction mechanism.
Cl2 + H2O ⇌ HClO + HCl
Cl2 + 4 OH− ⇌ 2 ClO− + 2 H2O + 2 e−
Cl2 + 2 e− ⇌ 2 Cl−
The acid can also be prepared by dissolving dichlorine monoxide in water; under standard aqueous conditions, anhydrous hypochlorous acid is currently impossible to prepare due to the readily reversible equilibrium between it and its anhydride.
2 HClO ⇌ Cl2O + H2O K (at 0 °C) = 3.55×10−3 dm3 mol−1
The presence of light or transition metal oxides of copper, nickel, or cobalt accelerates the exothermic decomposition into hydrochloric acid and oxygen
2 Cl2 + 2 H2O → 4 HCl + O2
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<u>¹⁴₇N</u><u> </u>is the more stable isotope
<h3>
Briefly explained</h3>
We have ¹⁴₇N which has a neutron to proton ratio of one, and we look at ¹⁸₇N which has a neutron to proton ratio of 1.57 Again, you look at table 24 to and you see the atomic number of seven and there is really no stable isotope. It has any more than 10 neutrons.
When we have eight, protons will go down seven protons. There's really nothing stable that has more than maybe eight neutrons. So the fact that we have 11 neutrons with ¹⁸₇N suggests that this is very unstable and
¹⁴₇N is the stable isotope of the pair.
<h3>
Stable and Unstable Nuclei</h3>
An atom is electrically neutral. It contains an equal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons and their charges balance. The nucleus however contains only positively charged protons which are closely packed together in a very small volume (remember neutrons have no charge).
From the laws of physics (Coulomb’s Law) one would expect that the protons being of the same charge and so close together would exert strong repulsive forces on each other. The combined gravitational force from the protons and neutrons in a nucleus is insignificant as an attractive force because their masses are so tiny.
This implies there must be an additional attractive force similar in size to the electrostatic repulsion which holds the nucleus together.
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