Answer:
First, the different indices of refraction must be taken into account (in different media): for example, the refractive index of light in a vacuum is 1 (since vacuum = c). The value of the refractive index of the medium is a measure of its "optical density": Light spreads at maximum speed in a vacuum but slower in others transparent media; therefore in all of them n> 1. Examples of typical values of are those of air (1,0003), water (1.33), glass (1.46 - 1.66) or diamond (2.42).
The refractive index has a maximum value and a minimum value, which we can calculate the minimum value by means of the following explanation:
The limit or minimum angle, α lim, is defined as the angle of refraction from which the refracted ray disappears and all the light is reflected. As in the maximum value of angle of refraction, from which everything is reflected, is βmax = 90º, we can know the limit angle (the minimum angle that we would have to have to know the minimum index of refraction) by Snell's law:
βmax = 90º ⇒ n 1x sin α (lim) = n 2 ⇒ sin α lim = n 2 / n 1
Explanation:
When a light ray strikes the separation surface between two media different, the incident beam is divided into three: the most intense penetrates the second half forming the refracted ray, another is reflected on the surface and the third is breaks down into numerous weak beams emerging from the point of incidence in all directions, forming a set of stray light beams.
The basic relationship between frequency and wavelength for light (which is an electromagnetic wave) is
where c is the speed of light, f the frequency and
the wavelength of the wave.
Using
and
, we can find the value of the frequency:
Answer:
The movement of an object depends on the reference frame, so it is important to predicate it.
Explanation:
If you have no idea what the voltage is that you're about to measure,
then you should set the meter to the highest range before you connect
it to the two points in the circuit.
Analog meters indicate the measurement by moving a physical needle
across a physical card with physical numbers printed on it. If the unknown
voltage happens to be 100 times the full range to which the meter is set,
then the needle may find itself trying to move to a position that's 100 times
past the highest number on the meter's face. You'll hear a soft 'twang',
followed by a louder 'CLICK'. Then you'll wonder why the meter has no
needle on it, and then you'll walk over to the other side of the room and
pick up the needle off the floor, and then you'll probably put the needle
in your pocket. That will end your voltage measurements for that day,
and certainly for that meter.
Been there.
Done that.
