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BaLLatris [955]
3 years ago
5

How do an independent variable and a dependent variable differ in a scientific investigation?

Chemistry
1 answer:
alisha [4.7K]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

stop cheating and be smart

Explanation:

ugh sjdjdkxkdkdkdkdkdkdahahahajajaja

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Which of the following statements is true?
timama [110]

Answer:

Both liquids and gases are fluids = true

4 0
3 years ago
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Can anyone tell me how to balance chemical equations
cupoosta [38]
count each atom of the reactants and the products
8 0
3 years ago
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How can you determine which bond in a structure is more polar without using an electronegativity table?
UkoKoshka [18]
To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:

I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
H
=
2.1
EN
C
=
2.5
EN
N
=
3.0
EN
O
=
3.5
EN
F
=
4.0
EN
Cl
=
3.5
Notice how carbon through fluorine go in increments of
~
0.5
. I believe Pauling made it that way when he determined electronegativities in the '30s.
Δ
EN
C
−
Cl
=
1.0
Δ
EN
C
−
H
=
0.4
Δ
EN
C
−
C
=
0.0
Δ
EN
C
−
O
=
1.0
Δ
EN
O
−
H
=
1.4
So naturally, with the greatest electronegativity difference of
4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
−
F
bond is most polar, i.e. that bond's electron distribution is the most drawn towards the more electronegative compound as compared to the rest.
When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
C
−
Cl
≈
177 pm
r
C
−
C
≈
154 pm
r
C
−
O
≈
143 pm
r
C
−
F
≈
135 pm
r
C
−
H
≈
109 pm
r
O
−
H
≈
96 pm
So it is not necessarily the least electronegativity difference that gives the longest bond.
Therefore, you cannot simply consider electronegativity. Examining the radii of the atoms, you should notice that chlorine is the biggest atom in the compound.
r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
So assuming the answer is truly
C
−
C
, what would have to hold true is that:
The
C
−
F
bond polarization makes the carbon more electropositive (which is true).
The now more electropositive carbon wishes to attract bonding pairs from chlorine closer, thereby shortening the
C
−
Cl
bond, and potentially the
C
−
H
bond (which is probably true).
The shortening of the
C
−
Cl
bond is somehow enough to be shorter than the
C
−
C
bond (this is debatable).
5 0
3 years ago
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How many grams of hydrogen are needed to produce 1.80 g of water
JulsSmile [24]
Your answer is going to be 200g
7 0
3 years ago
How long does it take the sun to melt a block of ice at 0∘c with a flat horizontal area 1.0 m2 and thickness 1.8 cm ? assume tha
VLD [36.1K]
This is a problem involving heat transfer through radiation. The solution to this problem would be to use the formula for heat flux.

ΔQ/Δt = (1000 W/m²)∈Acosθ

A is the total surface area:
A = (1 m²) + 4(1.8 cm)(1m/100 cm)(√(1 m²))
A = 1.072 m²

ΔQ is the heat of melting ice.
ΔQ = mΔHfus
Let's find its mass knowing that the density of ice is 916.7 kg/m³.
ΔQ = (916.7 kg/m³)(1 m²)(1.8 cm)(1m/100 cm)(<span>333,550 J/kg)
</span>ΔQ = 5,503,780 J

5,503,780 J/Δt = (1000 W/m²)(0.05)(1.072 m²)(cos 33°)
<em>Δt = 122,434.691 s or 34 hours</em>

4 0
3 years ago
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