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mixas84 [53]
3 years ago
13

How can valence electrons be used to predict the type of compounds formed?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Alex17521 [72]3 years ago
7 0
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. Those are t<span>he electrons on an atom that can be gained or lost in a chemical reaction.
</span>Elements that are left on the periodic table <span> have relatively few </span>valence electrons<span>, and can form ions  more easily by losing their </span>valence electrons<span> to form positively charged cations.</span>
<span>Nonmetals are further to the right on the periodic table, so they gain electrons relatively easily and lose them with difficulty. </span>

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Answer:

\large \boxed{\text{67 000 g}}

Explanation:

This is a problem in calorimetry — the measurement of the quantities of heat that flow from one object to another.

It is based on the Law of Conservation of Energy — Energy can be transformed from one type to another, but it cannot be destroyed or created.

If heat flows out of the reactor (negative), the same amount of heat must flow into the water (positive).

Since there is no change in total energy,

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The symbol for the quantity of heat transferred is q, so we can rewrite the word equation as

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The formula for the heat absorbed or released by an object is

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 m = the mass of the sample

  C = the specific heat capacity of the sample, and

ΔT = T_f - T_i = the change in temperature

1. Equation

There are two heat flows in this problem,

heat released by reactor + heat absorbed by water = 0

               q₁                  +                        q₂                     = 0

               q₁                  +                 m₂C₂ΔT₂                 = 0

2. Data:

q₁ = -23 746 kJ

m₂ = ?; C₂ = 4.184 J°C⁻¹g⁻¹;  T_f = 95 °C; T_i = 10 °C

3. Calculations

(a) Convert kilojoules to joules

q_{1} = -\text{23 746 kJ} \times \dfrac{\text{1000 J}}{\text{1 kJ}} = -\text{23 746 000 J}

(b) ΔT  

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(c) m₂

\begin{array}{rcl}q_{1} + q_{2} & = & 0\\\text{-23 746 000 J} + m_{2} \times 4.184 \text{ J$^{\circ}$C$^{-1}$g$^{-1}$} \times 85 \, ^{\circ}\text{C} & = & 0\\\text{-23 746 000 J} + 356m_{2} \text{J$\cdot$g}^{-1} & = & 0\\356m_{2} \text{g}^{-1} & = & 23746000\\m_2&=& \dfrac{23746000}{\text{356 g}^{-1}}\\\\ & = & \textbf{67000 g}\\\end{array}\\

\text{You must circulate $\large \boxed{\textbf{67 000 g}}$ of water each hour.}

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