(a) The 1H NMR spectrum of DMF exhibits three signals. Upon treatment with excess LAH followed by water, DMF is converted into a
new compound that exhibits only one signal in its 1H NMR spectrum. Explain. DMF, like most , exhibits restricted rotation about the bond between the carbonyl group and the nitrogen atom. This restricted rotation causes the groups to be in different electronic environments. They are not chemically equivalent, and will therefore produce different signals (in addition to the signal from the other proton in the compound). Upon treatment with excess LAH followed by water, DMF is to an amine that exhibit restricted rotation. As such, the methyl groups chemically equivalent and will together produce . (b) Based on your answer to part a, how many signals do you expect in the 13C NMR spectrum of DMF? Restricted rotation causes the methyl groups to be in electronic environments. As a result, the 13C NMR spectrum of DMF should have .
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In the ammonia production process given by the reaction 3H₂(g) + N₂(g) → 2NH₃(g), when 7.00 g of hydrogen react with 70.0 g of nitrogen, hydrogen is considered the limiting reactant because <u>7.5 moles of hydrogen would be needed to consume the available nitrogen</u> (option 1).
The reaction is the following:
3H₂(g) + N₂(g) → 2NH₃(g) (1)
To know why hydrogen is considered the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the number of moles of nitrogen and hydrogen with the following equation:
Where:
m: is the mass
M: is the molar mass
- For <em>hydrogen </em>we have:
- And for <em>nitrogen</em>:
We can see in reaction (1) that <u>3 moles of hydrogen</u> react with <u>1 mol of nitrogen</u>, so the number of hydrogen moles needed to react nitrogen is:
Since we have <u>3.47 moles of hydrogen</u> and we need <u>7.50 moles</u> to react with all the mass of nitrogen, the <em>limiting reactant</em> is <em>hydrogen</em>.
We can find the number of ammonia moles produced with the limiting reactant (hydrogen) konwing that <u>3 moles of hydrogen</u> produces <u>2 moles of ammonia</u>, so:
Hence, hydrogen would produce <u>2.31 moles of ammonia</u>.
Therefore, hydrogen is the limiting reactant because <u>7.5 moles of hydrogen would be needed to consume the available nitrogen</u> (option 1).
Find more about limiting reactants here:
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