The scientists realized that the properties of elements related to each other depending on relational properties of their atoms. They realized that atoms of different elements shared some properties depending on the number of electrons they have in their valence orbital shells and atomic mass numbers. These atomic properties determined the elements' shared properties such as texture, reactivity, electric conductivity and etcetera. Arranging the atoms in a periodic table would therefore ideally make it easier to decipher the shared similarities and differences between atoms of different elements, such as physical and chemical properties.
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For more on the periodic table check out these questions;
