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4 years ago

To use the shear formula, the internal shear force must be:

Engineering

1 answer:

nasty-shy [4]4 years ago

8 0

Answer:

vertical, and directed along an axis of symmetry of the cross-section

Explanation:

Shear is a force in an object is in the form of stress or strain. Shear strain is the ratio of length of deformation (extension) to the perpendicular length in the plane of the force applied. Shear stress, which is the stress that tends to shear a material, is the ratio of shear force applied on a surface to the area of the surface.

The shear formula can be used to determine the maximum shear in an object and is given by; τ = $\frac{VQ}{It}$ . It is applicable when the internal shear force is vertical and directed along an axis of symmetry of the cross-section.

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A particular NMOS device has parameters VT N = 0.6 V, L = 0.8µm, tox = 200 Å, and µn = 600 cm2 /V–s. A drain current of ID = 1.2

NeTakaya

Answer:

$W= 3.22 \mu m$

Explanation:

the transistor In saturation drain current region is given by:

$i_D}=K_a(V_{GS}-V_{IN})^2$

Making $K_a$ the subject of the formula; we have:

$K_a=\frac {i_D} {(V_{GS} - V_{IN})^2}$

where;

$i_D = 1.2m$

$V_{GS}= 3.0V$

$V_{TN} = 0.6 V$

$K_a=\frac {1.2m} {(3.0 - 0.6)^2}$

$K_a = 208.3 \mu A/V^2$

Also;

$k'_n}=\frac{\mu n (\frac{cm^2}{V-s} ) \epsilon _{ox}(\frac{F}{cm} ) }{t_{ox}(cm)}$

where:

$\mu n (\frac{cm^2}{V-s} ) = 600$

$\epsilon _{ox}=3.9*8.85*10^{-14}$

${t_{ox}(cm)=200*10^{-8}$

substituting our values; we have:

$k'_n}=\frac{(600)(3.988.85*10^{-14})}{(200*10^{-8})}$

$k'_n}=103.545 \mu A/V^2$

Finally, the width can be calculated by using the formula:

$W= \frac{2LK_n}{k'n}$

where;

L = $0.8 \mu m$

$W= \frac{2*0.8 \mu m *208.3 \mu}{103.545 \mu}$

$W= 3.22 \mu m$

4 0

4 years ago

A hole of diameter D = 0.25 m is drilled through the center of a solid block of square cross section with w = 1 m on a side. The

attashe74 [19]

Answer:

$q=4.013\:\:kW\\\\T_1=278.91\:\:^{\circ}C\\\\T_2=275.82\:\:^{\circ}C$

Explanation:

$R_{conv,1}=(h_1\pi D_1L)^{-1}=(50*0.25*2)^{-1}=0.01273\:\:K/W\\\\R_{conv,2}=(h^2*4wL)^{-1}=(4*4*1)^{-1}=0.0625\:\:K/W\\\\R_{cond(2D)}=(Sk)^{-1}=(8.59*150)^{-1}=0.00078\:\:K/W$

So, heat rate can be calculated as follows:

$q=\frac{T_{\infty,1}-T_{\infty,2}}{R_{conv,1}+R_{conv,2}+R_{cond(2D)}} =\frac{330-25}{0.076} =4.013\:\:kW$

Surface temperatures can be calculated as follows:

$T_1=T_{\infty,1}-qR_{conv,1}=330-51.09=278.91\:\:^{\circ}C\\\\T_2=T_{\infty,2}+qR_{conv,2}=25+250.82=275.82\:\:^{\circ}C$

6 0

4 years ago

As a general rule of thumb, the ratio of the rate of etch-product formation to the flow rate of etch gas should be greater than

g100num [7]

Answer:

The solution and complete explanation for the above question and mentioned conditions is given below in the attached document.i hope my explanation will help you in understanding this particular question.

Explanation:

8 0

3 years ago

The atmosphere is divided into different layers, each with a different function. The stratosphere contains the ozone (O3).

tangare [24]

Answer:

a) At about 15 to 35 km from the Earth

b) It helps to absorb most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun, that is otherwise too dangerous here on Earth.

c) The depletion of the ozone layer is due to free radical catalysts, like nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydroxyl (OH), but majorly due to atomic chlorine (Cl), and atomic bromine (Br) finding their way up to the the ozone layer.

d) The refrigeration processes and the aerosol aligned industrial processes, are the major culprits.

Explanation:

a) The ozone layer is lies in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from an height of about 15 to 35 kilometers from the surface of the Earth.

b) The ozone layer contains a large portion of ozone, a molecule of oxygen containing three oxygen atom bonded together. This ozone is created at this level by the action of ultraviolet radiation on an ordinary oxygen molecule, splitting it into two oxygen atom. Each of this oxygen atom then proceed to combine with another ordinary oxygen molecule, to form an ozone molecule. The ozone at this layer absorbs a large portion of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

c) The depletion of the ozone layer is due to the presence of some radical, that are able to survive up to the level of the ozone layer. At this level, ultraviolet radiation causes these these radicals to dissociate to give free bromine and chlorine mostly. This chlorine and bromine molecules breaks down the ozone molecules.

d) The various industrial processes includes refrigeration, and the aerosol industries that majorly releases the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromofluorocarbons, which are the main culprits of ozone depletion.

5 0

3 years ago

The steady-state data listed below are claimed for a power cycle operating between hot and cold reservoirs at 1200K and 400K, re

Anni [7]

Answer:

a) W_cycle = 200 KW , n_th = 33.33 % , Irreversible

b) W_cycle = 600 KW , n_th = 100 % , Impossible

c) W_cycle = 400 KW , n_th = 66.67 % , Reversible

Explanation:

Given:

- The temperatures for hot and cold reservoirs are as follows:

TL = 400 K

TH = 1200 K

Find:

For each case W_cycle , n_th ( Thermal Efficiency ) :

(a) QH = 600 kW, QC = 400 kW

(b) QH = 600 kW, QC = 0 kW

- Determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates irreversibly, or is impossible.

Solution:

- The work done by the cycle is given by first law of thermodynamics:

W_cycle = QH - QC

- For categorization of cycle is given by second law of thermodynamics which states that:

n_th < n_max ...... irreversible

n_th = n_max ...... reversible

n_th > n_max ...... impossible

- Where n_max is the maximum efficiency that could be achieved by a cycle with Hot and cold reservoirs as follows:

n_max = 1 - TL / TH = 1 - 400/1200 = 66.67 %

And, n_th = W_cycle / QH

a) QH = 600 kW, QC = 400 kW

- The work done by cycle according to First Law is:

W_cycle = 600 - 400 = 200 KW

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle is given by n_th:

n_th = W_cycle / QH

n_th = 200 / 600 = 33.33 %

- The type of process according to second Law of thermodynamics:

n_th = 33.333 % n_max = 66.67 %

n_th < n_max

Hence, Irreversible Process

b) QH = 600 kW, QC = 0 kW

- The work done by cycle according to First Law is:

W_cycle = 600 - 0 = 600 KW

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle is given by n_th:

n_th = W_cycle / QH

n_th = 600 / 600 = 100 %

- The type of process according to second Law of thermodynamics:

n_th = 100 % n_max = 66.67 %

n_th > n_max

Hence, Impossible Process

c) QH = 600 kW, QC = 200 kW

- The work done by cycle according to First Law is:

W_cycle = 600 - 200 = 400 KW

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle is given by n_th:

n_th = W_cycle / QH

n_th = 400 / 600 = 66.67 %

- The type of process according to second Law of thermodynamics:

n_th = 66.67 % n_max = 66.67 %

n_th = n_max

Hence, Reversible Process

7 0

3 years ago