The transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles is called conduction
Explanation:
The heart rate of the astronaut is 78.5 beats per minute, which means that the time between heart beats is 0.0127 min. This will be the time t measured by the moving observer. The time t' measured by the stationary Earth-based observer is given by
![t' = \dfrac{t}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}\right)}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%27%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7Bt%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B1%20-%20%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7Bv%5E2%7D%7Bc%5E2%7D%5Cright%29%7D%7D)
a) If the astronaut is moving at 0.480c, the time t' is
![t' = \dfrac{0.0127\:\text{min}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\dfrac{0.2304c^2}{c^2}\right)}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%27%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B0.0127%5C%3A%5Ctext%7Bmin%7D%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B1%20-%20%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7B0.2304c%5E2%7D%7Bc%5E2%7D%5Cright%29%7D%7D)
![\:\:\:\:=0.0145\:\text{min}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%3A%5C%3A%5C%3A%5C%3A%3D0.0145%5C%3A%5Ctext%7Bmin%7D)
This means that time between his heart beats as measured by Earth-based observer is 0.0145 min, which is equivalent to 69.1 beats per minute.
b) At v = 0.940c, the time t' is
![t' = \dfrac{0.0127\:\text{min}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\dfrac{0.8836c^2}{c^2}\right)}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%27%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B0.0127%5C%3A%5Ctext%7Bmin%7D%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B1%20-%20%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7B0.8836c%5E2%7D%7Bc%5E2%7D%5Cright%29%7D%7D)
![\:\:\:\:=0.0372\:\text{min}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%3A%5C%3A%5C%3A%5C%3A%3D0.0372%5C%3A%5Ctext%7Bmin%7D)
So at this speed, the astronaut's heart rate is 1/(0.0372 min) or 26.9 beats per minute.
Answer:
a) the three longest wavelengths = 4.8m, 2.4m, 1.6m
b) what is the frequency of the third-longest wavelength = 75Hz
Explanation:
The steps and appropriate formula and substitution is as shown in the attached file.
Answer:
![\omega = 22.67 rad/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Comega%20%3D%2022.67%20rad%2Fs)
Explanation:
Here we can use energy conservation
As per energy conservation conditions we know that work done by external source is converted into kinetic energy of the disc
Now we have
![W = \frac{1}{2}I\omega^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=W%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DI%5Comega%5E2)
now we know that work done is product of force and displacement
so here we have
![W = F.d](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=W%20%3D%20F.d)
![W = (44 N)(0.9 m) = 39.6 J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=W%20%3D%20%2844%20N%29%280.9%20m%29%20%3D%2039.6%20J)
now for moment of inertia of the disc we will have
![I = \frac{1}{2}mR^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DmR%5E2)
![I = \frac{1}{2}(7 kg)(0.21^2)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%287%20kg%29%280.21%5E2%29)
![I = 0.154 kg m^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I%20%3D%200.154%20kg%20m%5E2)
now from above equation we will have
![39.6 = \frac{1}{2}(0.154)\omega^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=39.6%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%280.154%29%5Comega%5E2)
![\omega = 22.67 rad/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Comega%20%3D%2022.67%20rad%2Fs)
Answer:
a. by collisions and mergers of planetesimals.
Explanation:
Inner planets are planets within 1.5 AU distance from the sun. These are called terrestrial planets because they are somewhat similar to Earth, mainly made of rocks.
The main ingredient of these planets are solar nebula and interstellar dust condensation of which leads to formation of small rock particles. These particles come close to each other under in the influence of gravity and other forces. As the mass of the particles increase they form planetesimals, these planetesimals eventually merge to form planets.