Inevitable manufacturing imperfections in optical fiber leads to birefringence, which is one cause of pulse broadening in fiber-optic communications. Such imperfections can be geometrical (lack of circular symmetry), due to stress applied to the optical fiber and/or due to bending of the fiber.
D is the correct answer
every other option contains an element
When elements transfer electrons from a cation and an anion it called ionic bond.
Well, these particles happens to be small, like REALLY small. So microscopically small they aren't picked up or observed my the naked eye. also the vibrations are in an atomic scale which is also VERY tiny This goes for all solids too.
The correct answer is 42. I know this answer is right because i have already turned my assignment in and got it right.
