44. (a) N2O3 (b) SF4 (c) AlCl3 (d) Li2CO3
46. H Br
δ+ δ−
48. The metallic potassium atoms lose one electron and form +1 cations,
and the nonmetallic fluorine atoms gain one electron and form –1 anions.
K → K+
+ e–
19p/19e–
19p/18e–
F + e–
→ F–
9p/9e–
9p/10e–
The ionic bonds are the attractions between K+
cations and F–
anions.
50. See Figure 3.6.
52. (a) covalent…nonmetal-nonmetal (b) ionic…metal-nonmetal
54. (a) all nonmetallic atoms - molecular (b) metal-nonmetal - ionic
56. (a) 7 (b) 4
58. Each of the following answers is based on the assumption that nonmetallic
atoms tend to form covalent bonds in order to get an octet (8) of
electrons around each atom, like the very stable noble gases (other than
helium). Covalent bonds (represented by lines in Lewis structures) and lone
pairs each contribute two electrons to the octet.
(a) oxygen, O
If oxygen atoms form two covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Water is an example:
H O H
(b) fluorine, F
If fluorine atoms form one covalent bond, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, is an example:
H F
(c) carbon, C
If carbon atoms form four covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Methane, CH4, is an example:
H H
H
H
C
(d) phosphorus, P
If phosphorus atoms form three covalent bonds, they will have an octet
Answer:
In an earthquake, the initial seismic energy wave is called a primary wave. It compresses the material ahead of it; other types of subsequent waves travel in sideways and up-and-down motions. A primary wave travels at different speeds depending on what type of substance it is traveling through. In order to determine how long it will take to travel 2,000 km we have to do the math, using the speed in km/sec and setting up proportions. In a solid such as rock, the primary wave can travel at 5 km/sec; it would take 400 seconds, or about 6.7 minutes to travel 2,000 km. If traveling through water, the wave travels at about 1.45 km/sec and would need 1,379 seconds (23 minutes) to travel 2,000 km. Primary waves traveling through air travel at the speed of sound (.34 km/sec), and would take 5,882 seconds (98 minutes) to travel 2,000 km.
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer would be B, The temperature of the water increases because the average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases.
Explanation:
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El Sistema Internacional de Unidades se basa en dos tipos de magnitudes físicas: Las siete que toma como unidades fundamentales, de las que derivan todas las demás. Son longitud, tiempo, masa, intensidad de corriente eléctrica, temperatura, cantidad de sustancia e intensidad luminosa.
