The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom.
Explanation:
The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its bondingbehaviour.
That is why elements whose atoms have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table.
Generally, elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 17 tend to react to form a closed shell, corresponding to the electron configuration <span><span>s2</span><span>p6</span></span>.
This tendency is called the octet rule, because the bonded atoms have eight valence electrons.
The periodic table is arranged in a way that trends are present in columns and rows. Elements belonging to the same column belongs to the same family which means they have the same properties. Elements belonging to the same row have the same number of electron shells. Example of elements with the same chemical properties are Na, Li, and K all belonging to the same group.
Answer:
I₂ = 25.4 W
Explanation:
Polarization problems can be solved with the malus law
I = I₀ cos² θ
Let's apply this formula to find the intendant intensity (Gone)
Second and third polarizer, at an angle between them is
θ₂ = 68.0-22.2 = 45.8º
I = I₂ cos² θ₂
I₂ = I / cos₂ θ₂
I₂ = 75.5 / cos² 45.8
I₂ = 155.3 W
We repeat for First and second polarizer
I₂ = I₁ cos² θ₁
I₁ = I₂ / cos² θ₁
I₁ = 155.3 / cos² 22.2
I₁ = 181.2 W
Now we analyze the first polarizer with the incident light is not polarized only half of the light for the first polarized
I₁ = I₀ / 2
I₀ = 2 I₁
I₀ = 2 181.2
I₀ = 362.4 W
Now we remove the second polarizer the intensity that reaches the third polarizer is
I₁ = 181.2 W
The intensity at the exit is
I₂ = I₁ cos² θ₂
I₂ = 181.2 cos² 68.0
I₂ = 25.4 W
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Adiabatic cooling systems function similarly to dry cooling systems, but with the incorporation of pre-cooling pads; running water over pre-cooling pads and drawing air through the pads depresses the ambient dry bulb of the incoming air. The depressed dry bulb allows for greater system heat rejection.
he result of this is that adiabatic systems are highly effective in hot, dry environments, while using less water than traditional evaporative units. Adiabatic units also deliver the required cooling capacity in a smaller footprint and/or lower fan motor horsepower than a completely dry cooler/condenser.
Answer:
Mechanical energy
Explanation:
A car changes chemical energy from fuel into thermal energy and mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy can be defined as the type of energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or position. Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy, that is, the sum of energy in motion and stored energy. Examples of mechanical energy includes driving a car, riding a bicycle, listening to music etc.
Types of mechanical energy
1. Motion energy (kinetic energy)
2. Stored energy(potential energy)
Mechanical energy = Kinetic energy + Potential energy
