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Sergeu [11.5K]
3 years ago
8

Practical steam engines utilize 450ºC steam, which is later exhausted at 270ºC.

Physics
1 answer:
Naily [24]3 years ago
8 0

(a) 0.249 (24.9 %)

The maximum efficiency of a heat engine is given by

\eta = 1-\frac{T_C}{T_H}

where

Tc is the low-temperature reservoir

Th is the high-temperature reservoir

For the engine in this problem,

T_C = 270^{\circ}C+273=543 K

T_H = 450^{\circ}C+273=723 K

Therefore the maximum efficiency is

\eta = 1-\frac{T_C}{T_H}=1-\frac{543}{723}=0.249

(b-c) 0.221 (22.1 %)

The second steam engine operates using the exhaust of the first. So we have:

T_H = 270^{\circ}C+273=543 K is the high-temperature reservoir

T_C = 150^{\circ}C+273=423 K is the low-temperature reservoir

If we apply again the formula of the efficiency

\eta = 1-\frac{T_C}{T_H}

The maximum efficiency of the second engine is

\eta = 1-\frac{T_C}{T_H}=1-\frac{423}{543}=0.221

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