If a group of scientists have access to one data, from the data they can draw conclusions either through mathematics or just thought experiments.
Those thought experiments is different for any scientist, no one thinks the same especially when the topic is difficult.
For example when talking about parallel universes, scientists have come up with the weirdest examples of a multiverse. Some thinking of a brane universe, while others say that its a landscape universe, quilted universe. All of their 'evidence' seems correct but they have opposite meanings.
A weird analogy is 'religion'. All the religions seem to have 'evidences' (hardly) that attract people towards it, they all make sense but that doesn't mean that their evidence is right.
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Now if they're trying to break down the data using maths, there could be a great uncertainty and measurement error that if done enough could change the whole idea behind the data.
Interesting question, I can babble for days for this but lets keep it as that
Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
a
b

c

Explanation:
Considering the first question
From the question we are told that
The force produced is 
The duration of the punch is 
Generally the impulse delivered is mathematically represented as

=> 
=>
Considering the second question
The approaching velocity of the ball is 
The leaving velocity of the ball is 
The mass of the ball is 
Generally the magnitude of the impulse delivered is mathematically represented as

=> ![I_1 = [0.145 * 45] - [0.145 * -53]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_1%20%3D%20%20%5B0.145%20%2A%20%2045%5D%20%20-%20%5B0.145%20%2A%20-53%5D)
=> 
Considering the third question
The duration of the impact of the bat is 
Generally the average force exerted by the bat is mathematically represented as

=> 
=> 
Answer:
its surface temperature = 54.84 ° C
Explanation:
The density of aluminium
= 2700 kg/m ³
Heat capacity
= 897 J/Kg.K
radius of the sphere (r) = 0.081029 m
= 25 °C
= 124.978 °C
time (t) = 767.276 s
Using the formula :

where.

Replacing our values ;we have:








T ≅ 54.84 ° C
Therefore, its surface temperature = 54.84 ° C
Answer:
The environmental problems directly related to energy production and Electricity is a secondary energy source that is generated producedfrom primary energy sources:
hope that helps im new so have a good day (: