Question

1. Which of these statements is not a part of the Cell Theory?

Answer 1

1. C There are two main types of cells
Even though it's true that there are this 2 types of cells, this is not one of the following statements.
Statements in cell theory:
-All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, although there is controversy about virus since they have a non-cellular.
-The cell is the basic unit of life and organization in organisms.
- Cells always arise from pre-existing cells( spontaneous generation doesn't exist)

2. C  Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Both types of cells need to have genetic information, otherwise it's not possible to transfer the information to the "daughter-cells" when replication happens. Also, it would be possible to synthesize proteins, necessary for cell's survival

3. B- Eukaryotes only

Plants have the so called plant cells, which are a type of eukaryotic cell.
In plant cells we find a external wall composed by different kind of cellulose,  chloroplasts;  vacuoles, which don't exist in animal cells.
Other organelles such as the well define nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, cytosol are what it makes a eukaryotic cell.


4.B -Eukaryotes only
All living organisms except bacteria and Archaeas are eukaryotic, that includes  protists. Protists are a diverse group of organisms but they are primarily microscopic and unicellular, or made up of a single cell. Their cells are organized with a nucleus and organelles, making protist a group formed by eukaryotic cells.

5- B Eukaryotes only
All living organisms except bacteria and Archaeas are eukaryotic, that includes us humans. Trillions of cells are found in the human body and they are all eukaryotic because they have their genetic material (DNA) within the nucleus that is bound by a double membrane.

6- C Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
The cytoplasm is the material within a cell, that means: the gel-like substance and the organelles.
All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and lysosomes

7. B Eukaryotic cells only

Eukaryotic cells contain groups of proteins that function as a unit called organelles. An example of these organelles is the lysosome.
  It contains many enzymes that digest proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. It's important that they are not all over the cytosol because they would digest all of the other organelles, leading to cell death. The fact that they are bound to the membrane keeps them away from killing the cell.

8. C- Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are not bound to the membrane; Ribosomes build protein based on the genetic information that the cell contains and that's a very important function for both types of cells.

9-  B- Eukaryotes only

There are two main types of eukaryotic cells, the animal and the plant cells.
The name says it all, animals(including humans) have animal cells
because they have their genetic material (DNA) within the nucleus,
contain membrane-bound organelles, that carry out specific functions (like lysosomes) necessary for normal cellular operation.

10. B- Eukaryotes only

The fungi group is formed by either unicelular( only one cell) or pluricellular (two or more cells) livings beings but they all are eukaryotes.
Fungal cells contain a membrane-bound nuclei and other cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, and ribosomes bound to the membrane.

11. A- Prokaryote only
Aside from bacteria and Archeaes, all the other groups are eukaryotes.
While the eukaryotes have a well defined nucleus with all the DNA inside, the bacterias and archeaes have their genetic material all spread throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.

12.B Eukaryotes only
This is  one of the differences in Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotes. While the eukaryotes have a well defined nucleus with all the DNA inside, the prokaryotes have their genetic material all  spread throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.


13. C - Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

The cell membrane( also called cytoplasmic membrane), is a biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the outside environment. It's formed by  a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. This membrane chooses what comes inside the cell, and what comes out of it in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.