Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Solar radiation that is not absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere (for example by clouds) reaches the surface of the Earth. The Earth absorbs most of the energy reaching its surface, a small fraction is reflected. In total approximately 70% of incoming radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface while around 30% is reflected back to space and does not heat the surface. The Earth radiates energy at wavelengths much longer than the Sun because it is colder. Part of this longwave radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases which then radiate energy into all directions, including downwards and thereby trapping heat in the atmosphere.
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Answer:
0.000136kg/m3
Explanation:
13.6 / 1000 = 0.0136kg/cm3
0.0136 / 100 = 0.000136kg/m3
Answer:
The radius of curvature changes so that centripetal acceleration is similar along the entire roller coaster.
Explanation:
We know that the centripetal acceleration is directly proportional to the tangential velocity and inversely proportional to the radius of curvature:
By energy conservation (and common sense), we know that the speed at the top of the roller coaster is smaller. Therefore if the roller coaster has similar accelerations (therefore also similar normal forces) at the top and at the bottom, it is necessary that the difference in speed be compensated with the radius of curvature, i.e. smaller radius at the top than at the bottom.