Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of protons, which carry a 1+ charge, in the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of electrons, which carry a 1- charge, in the atom. The result is that the total positive charge of the protons cancels out the total negative charge of the electrons so that the net charge of the atom is zero. Most atoms, however, can either gain or lose electrons; when they do so, the number of electrons becomes different from the number of protons in the nucleus. The resulting charged species is called an ion.
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Sorry, but where are the ‘items’?
1) mass composition
N: 30.45%
O: 69.55%
-----------
100.00%
2) molar composition
Divide each element by its atomic mass
N: 30.45 / 14.00 = 2.175 mol
O: 69.55 / 16.00 = 4.346875
4) Find the smallest molar proportion
Divide both by the smaller number
N: 2.175 / 2.175 = 1
O: 4.346875 / 2.175 = 1.999 = 2
5) Empirical formula: NO2
6) mass of the empirical formula
14.00 + 2 * 16.00 = 46.00 g
7) Find the number of moles of the gas using the equation pV = nRT
=> n = pV / RT = (775/760) atm * 0.389 l / (0.0821 atm*l /K*mol * 273.15K)
=> n = 0.01769 moles
8) Find molar mass
molar mass = mass in grams / number of moles = 1.63 g / 0.01769 mol = 92.14 g / mol
9) Find how many times the mass of the empirical formula is contained in the molar mass
92.14 / 46.00 = 2.00
10) Multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula by the number found in the previous step
=> N2O4
Answer: N2O4
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The rest are plants, which make their own energy from photosynthesis.
