Answer:

Explanation:
The relationship between the refractive index and the critical angle is given as follows:

where,
η = refractive index = 1.67
θc = critical angle =?
Therefore,


Answer:
595391.482946 m/s

Explanation:
E = Energy = 1.85 keV
I = Current = 5.15 mA
e = Charge of electron = 
t = Time taken = 1 second
m = Mass of proton = 
Velocity of proton is given by

The speed of the proton is 595391.482946 m/s
Current is given by

Number of protons is

The number of protons is 
Answer:

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Explanation:
I just answer the second question
Each
ion contains three extra protons. Hence, the extra charge on each
=
C
Total charge = 0.035 pC
Total charge (Q) =
C
Let the number of
ions be n.
According to question:



n = 72917
Hence, the total number of ions needed to be transferred is 72917