To develop this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to Gravitational Potential Energy.
Gravitational potential energy can be defined as

As M=m, then

Where,
m = Mass
G =Gravitational Universal Constant
R = Distance /Radius
PART A) As half its initial value is u'=2u, then



Therefore replacing we have that,

Re-arrange to find v,



Therefore the velocity when the separation has decreased to one-half its initial value is 816m/s
PART B) With a final separation distance of 2r, we have that

Therefore




Therefore the velocity when they are about to collide is 
Answer:
1.327363 m/s
0.00090243 m
Explanation:
u = Initial velocity
v = Final velocity
m = Mass of flea
Energy

The velocity of the flea when leaving the ground is 1.327363 m/s

The flea will travel 0.00090243 m upward
Answer:
Sound waves are pushed closer together, decreasing wavelength
and increasing frequency.
Final velocity = 5km/sec = 5000 m/sec
Initial velocity = 0, mass = 5kg and force = 500,000 N
F = m(Vf-Vi)/time
Time = m(Vf-Vi)/force = 5*5000/500000 = 0.05 seconds
So, it takes 0.05 sec to arrive at the speed of 5km/s.