Answer:
An alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom. Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group. Alcohols are common in nature.
Explanation:
C. A central body is the center of the universe.
Answer:
kf = 1.16 x 10¹⁸
Explanation:
Step 1: [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 1en → [Ni(H₂O)₄(en)]²⁺ ΔG°1 = -42.9 kJmol⁻¹
Step 2: [Ni(H₂O)₄(en)]²⁺ + 1en → [Ni(H₂O)₂(en)₂]²⁺ ΔG°2 = -35.8 kJmol⁻¹
Step 3: [Ni(H₂O)₂(en)₂]²⁺ + 1en → [Ni(en)₃]²⁺ ΔG°3 = -24.3 kJmol⁻¹
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Overall reaction: [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 3en → [Ni(en)₃]²⁺ ΔG°r
ΔG°r = ΔG°1 + ΔG°2 + ΔG°3
ΔG°r = -42.9 - 35.8 - 24.3
ΔG°r = -103.0 kJmol⁻¹
ΔG°r = -RTlnKf
-103,000 Jmol⁻¹ = - 8.31 J.K⁻¹mol⁻¹ x 298 K x lnKf
kf = e ^(-103,000/-8.31x298)
kf = e ^41.59
kf = 1.16 x 10¹⁸
Answer:
Ka = ( [H₃O⁺] . [F⁻] ) / [HF]
Explanation:
HF is a weak acid which in water, keeps this equilibrium
HF (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇄ H₃O⁺ (aq) + F⁻ (aq) Ka
2H₂O (l) ⇄ H₃O⁺ (l) + OH⁻ (aq) Kw
HF is the weak acid
F⁻ is the conjugate stron base
Let's make the expression for K
K = ( [H₃O⁺] . [F⁻] ) / [HF] . [H₂O]
K . [H₂O] = ( [H₃O⁺] . [F⁻] ) / [HF]
K . [H₂O] = Ka
Ka, the acid dissociation constant, includes Kwater.
Answer:
Highest boiling point - 0.43 m Urea
Second highest boiling point - 0.20 m NiSO4
Third highest boiling point - 0.19 m NH4I
Lowest boiling point - 0.17 m NH4NO3
Explanation:
We know that;
ΔT = kb m i
Where;
ΔT = boiling point elevation
kb = boiling point constant
m = molality of the solution
i = Van't Hoff factor
For NiSO4 , NH4I and NH4NO3 , the Van't Hoff factor, i = 2
But for Urea, the Van't Hoff factor, i = 1
We also have to consider both the values of the molality and Van't Hoff factor , knowing that a higher molality and a higher Van't Hoff factor leads to a higher ΔT and consequently a higher boiling point.
This facts above account for the arrangement of substances shown in the answer.
