<span>Based on the definition of logarithms, the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between a substance with a pH of 2 and a substance with a pH of 3:
</span>A) A substance with a pH of 2 has a 10 times higher concentration of H+ than a substance with a pH of 3.
<span>At pH= 2, [H+] = 0.01 M </span>
At pH =3, [H+] = 0.001 M
Answer:
![[Fe^{+3}]=0.700 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BFe%5E%7B%2B3%7D%5D%3D0.700%20M)
![[NO_{3}^{-}]=2.10 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BNO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%3D2.10%20M)
Explanation:
Here, a solution of Fe(NO₃)₃ is diluted, as the total volume of the solution has increased. The formula for dilution of the compound is mathematically expressed as:

Here, C and V are the concentration and volume respectively. The numbers at the subscript denote the initial and final values. The concentration of Fe(NO₃)₃ is 1.75 M. As ferric nitrate dissociates completely in water, the initial concentration of ferric is also 1.75 M.
Solving for [Fe],
![[Fe^{+3}]=\frac{C_{1}.V_{1}}{V_{2} }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BFe%5E%7B%2B3%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7BC_%7B1%7D.V_%7B1%7D%7D%7BV_%7B2%7D%20%7D)
![[Fe^{+3}]=\frac{(1.75).(30.0)}{45.0+30.0 }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BFe%5E%7B%2B3%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%281.75%29.%2830.0%29%7D%7B45.0%2B30.0%20%7D)
![[Fe^{+3}]=0.700 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BFe%5E%7B%2B3%7D%5D%3D0.700%20M)
For [NO₃⁻],
There are three moles of nitrate is 1 mole of Fe(NO₃)₃. This means that the initial concentration of nitrate ions will be three times the concentration of ferric nitrate i.e., it will be 5.25 M.
![[NO_{3}^{-}]=\frac{C_{1}.V_{1}}{V_{2} }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BNO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7BC_%7B1%7D.V_%7B1%7D%7D%7BV_%7B2%7D%20%7D)
![[NO_{3}^{-}]=\frac{(5.25)(30.0)}{30.0+45.0 }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BNO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%285.25%29%2830.0%29%7D%7B30.0%2B45.0%20%7D)
![[NO_{3}^{-}]=2.10 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BNO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%3D2.10%20M)
Explanation:
In gases the molecules are held together by weak Vander waal forces. Due to this they have more kinetic energy and they tend to diffuse at a faster rate because of more number of collisions between the molecules.
That is why, its molecules readily spread into the atmosphere as compared to the molecules of solids and liquids. Also, when molecules of a gas collide with the walls of a container then they tend to come back at their initial position for a fraction of second or more.
Hence, gas collisions are elastic in nature.
According to Graham's law, rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of molar mass of the gas. Hence, more is the molecular weight of gas less likely it is able to diffuse into the surroundings.

Thus, we can conclude that following apply to gases.
- Gas collisions are elastic.
- Gases mix faster than solids or liquids.
- Gases with larger molecular weights diffuse slower than gases with lower molecular weights.
Explanation:
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