What is the percentage composition of water in crystallization of oxalic acid
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Answer: Option "Has polar bonds and is a non-polar molecule" is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A covalent compound is defined as the compound in which there will be sharing of electrons between the combining atoms.
An ionic compound is defined as the compound in which there will be transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
- A non-polar covalent compound is defined as the compound in which there will be equal sharing of electrons between the combining atoms.
For example, a chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons.
So, when a chlorine atom chemically combines with another chlorine atom then there occurs equal sharing of electrons.
Hence, molecule is formed which is non-polar covalent compound in nature with non-polar covalent bond.
- A polar covalent bond is defined as the bond in which there will be unequal sharing of electrons between the combining atoms.
For example, a carbon atom has 4 valence electrons and an oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons.
To complete their octet a carbon atom needs 4 more electrons and an oxygen atom needs 2 more electrons.
And, when one carbon and two oxygen atoms chemically combine together then there occurs unequal sharing of electrons.
Hence, a polar covalent compound is formed.
Since, oxygen is more electronegative than carbon atom. Hence, dipoles in the linear carbon dioxide molecules will cancel out each other.
Therefore, a carbon dioxide molecule is non-polar compound that has polar covalent bonds.
Thus, we can conclude that the statement, has polar bonds and is a non-polar molecule, correctly describes carbon dioxide.
Given that:
- The heat of vaporization = 22.44 kJ/mol = 22440 J/mol
- normal boiling point which is the initial temperature = 0.4° C = (273 + (-0.4))K = 272.6 K
- volume = 250 mL = 0.250 L
- Mass of butane = 0.8 g
- the final temperature = -22° C = (273 + (-22)) K = 251 K
The first step is to determine the vapor pressure at the final temperature of 251K by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. This is following by using the ideal gas equation to determine the numbers of moles of butane gas. After that, the mass of butane present in the liquid is determined by using the relation for the number of moles.
Using Clausius-Clapeyron Equation:
where;
P1 and P2 correspond to the temperature at T1 and T2.
∴
replacing the values into the given equation, we have;
As such, at -22° C; the vapor pressure = 0.427 atm
Now, using the ideal gas equation:
PV = nRT
where:
- P = Pressure
- V = volume
- n = number of moles of butane
- R = universal gas constant
- T = temperature
∴
Making (n) the subject of the formula:
We all know that the standard molecular weight of butane = 58.12 g/mol
∴
Using the relation for the number of moles which is:
mass = 0.00518 mole × 58.12 g/mol
mass = 0.301 g
∴
The mass of butane in the flask = 0.301 g
But the mass of the butane present as a liquid in the flask is
= 0.8 g - 0.301 g
= 0.499 g
In conclusion, the mass of the butane present as a liquid in the flask is 0.499 g
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