Question

Which suitable reagent distinguishes ketones and aldehydes from carboxylic acids and on observation, gives a white precipitate??​

Answer 1

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Tollens' test, also known as silver-mirror test, is a qualitative laboratory test used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone.

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https://chemistryklipz.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/aldehydes-and-ketones.pdf

Answer 2

How does one determine the identity and structure of an unknown compound? This is not a trivial task. Modern x-ray and spectroscopic techniques have made the job much easier, but for some very complex molecules, identification and structure determination remains a challenge. In addition to spectroscopic information and information obtained from other instrumental methods, chemical reactions can provide useful structural information, and physical properties can contribute significantly to confirming the identity of a compound.
In this experiment, you will be asked to identify an unknown liquid, which will be either an alcohol, aldehyde, or ketone. Identification will be accomplished by carrying out chemical tests, called classification tests, preparing a solid derivative of the unknown and determining its melting point (MP), making careful observations, and analyzing the NMR spectrum of the unknown.
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