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grigory [225]
3 years ago
7

Considering all types of aerosols, what is their net effect on the climate system:

Chemistry
2 answers:
timurjin [86]3 years ago
6 0
<span> aerosols are </span><span><span>compressed gases and </span>hydrocarbons, such as nitrous oxide, as propellants. the aerosols are green house gases, that contributes to the heating of the surface of the earth. this is why global warming is one of the greatest environmental problem to date </span>

LuckyWell [14K]3 years ago
3 0

It is compresed gasses like nitros oxidi and propilants

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(i) Based on the graph, determine the order of the decomposition reaction of cyclobutane at 1270 K. Justify your answer.
Leni [432]

Answer:

(c)(i) The order of the reaction based on the graph provided is first order.

(ii) 99% of the cyclobutane would have decomposed in 53.15 milliseconds.

d) Rate = K [Cl₂]

K = rate constant

The justification is presented in the Explanation provided below.

e) A catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a reaction without participating or being used up in the reaction.

Cl₂ is one of the reactants in the reaction, hence, it participates actively and is used up in the process of the reaction, hence, it cannot be termed as a catalyst for the reaction.

So, this shows why the student's claim is false.

Explanation:

To investigate the order of a reaction, a method of trial and error is usually employed as the general equations for the amount of reactant left for various orders are known.

So, the behaviour of the plot of maybe the concentration of reactant with time, or the plot of the natural logarithm of the concentration of reactant with time.

The graph given is evidently an exponential function. It is a graph of the concentration of cyclobutane declining exponentially with time. This aligns with the gemeral expression of the concentration of reactants for a first order reaction.

C(t) = C₀ e⁻ᵏᵗ

where C(t) = concentration of the reactant at any time

C₀ = Initial concentration of cyclobutane = 1.60 mol/L

k = rate constant

The rate constant for a first order reaction is given

k = (In 2)/T

where T = half life of the reaction. It is the time taken for the concentration of the reactant to fall to half of its initial concentration.

From the graph, when the concentration of reactant reaches half of its initial concentration, that is, when C(t) = 0.80 mol/L, time = 8.0 milliseconds = 0.008 s

k = (In 2)/0.008 = (0.693/0.008) = 86.64 /s

(ii) Calculate the time, in milliseconds, that it would take for 99 percent of the original cyclobutane at 1270 K to decompose

C(t) = C₀ e⁻ᵏᵗ

when 99% of the cyclobutane has decomposed, there's only 1% left

C(t) = 0.01C₀

k = 86.64 /s

t = ?

0.01C₀ = C₀ e⁻ᵏᵗ

e⁻ᵏᵗ = 0.01

In e⁻ᵏᵗ = In 0.01 = -4.605

-kt = -4.605

t = (4.605/k) = (4.605/86.64) = 0.05315 s = 53.15 milliseconds.

d) The reaction mechanism for the reaction of cyclopentane and chlorine gas is given as

Cl₂ → 2Cl (slow)

Cl + C₅H₁₀ → HCl + C₅H₉ (fast)

C₅H₉ + Cl → C₅H₉Cl (fast)

The rate law for a reaction is obtained from the slow step amongst the the elementary reactions or reaction mechanism for the reaction. After writing the rate law from the slow step, any intermediates that appear in the rate law is then substituted for, using the other reaction steps.

For This reaction, the slow step is the first elementary reaction where Chlorine gas dissociates into 2 Chlorine atoms. Hence, the rate law is

Rate = K [Cl₂]

K = rate constant

Since, no intermediates appear in this rate law, no further simplification is necessary.

The obtained rate law indicates that the reaction is first order with respect to the concentration of the Chlorine gas and zero order with respect to cyclopentane.

e) A catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a reaction without participating or being used up in the reaction.

Cl₂ is one of the reactants in the reaction, hence, it participates actively and is used up in the process of the reaction, hence, it cannot be termed as a catalyst for the reaction.

So, this shows why the student's claim is false.

Hope this Helps!!!

6 0
3 years ago
Based on the observations of how the different forms of salt start mixing with the
zimovet [89]
I would expect fine salt to fully dissolve by the end of 45 minutes. Since the other types of salt are not fine and tiny, they would take longer to dissolve
7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Iteams in house made of thermosetting plastics?
Law Incorporation [45]
Thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers Examples include: polyethylene (PS) and polyvinyl choline (PVC). Common thermoplastics range from 20,000 to 50,000 amu, while thermosets are assumed to have infinite molecular weight.
3 0
3 years ago
Write the balanced equation for a reaction between aqueous nitric acid (HNO3) and solid lithium metal (this is a single replacem
Lemur [1.5K]

<u>Answer:</u> The equation is given below.

<u>Explanation:</u>

Single replacement reactions are the chemical reactions in which more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its chemical reaction. General equation for these reactions is given by the equation:

A+BC\rightarrow AC+B

Metal A is more reactive than metal B.

The reactivity of metals is judged with the help of reactivity series. In this series, the metals lying above are more reactive than the metals which lie below in the series.

For the reaction of solid lithium metal and nitric acid, the equation follows:

3Li(s)+4HNO_3(aq.)\rightarrow 3LiNO_3(aq.)+2H_2O(l)+NO(g)

This is a type of single replacement reaction because Lithium (more reactive metal) is replacing Hydrogen (less reactive metal) from the chemical reaction.

3 0
3 years ago
Would convection work if there were no<br> gravity? Why<br> or<br> why not
Pavel [41]

Answer:

no

Explanation:

Because gravity is necessary for density differences to arise,  convection wouldn't happen in a zero-gravity environment such as space.

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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