Answer: Free-energy change of a reaction is a measure of the direction in which a net reaction occurs.
Explanation:
It is known that free energy change is represented by the symbol . Free-energy helps in determining the direction of a chemical reaction like if it is taking place in forward or backward reaction.
For a spontaneous reaction, the standard free-energy change is negative in nature and the reaction will proceed in forward direction.
Thus, we can conclude that free-energy change of a reaction is a measure of the direction in which a net reaction occurs.
Explanation:
An isotope is defined as the specie which contains same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
For example, and are isotopes.
In a neutral carbon atom, there are 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
As it is known that in a neutral atom the number of protons equal to the number of electrons.
This means that in a neutral carbon atom there are also 6 electrons.
Whereas is an isotope of carbon atom whose atomic number is 6 and atomic mass is 13.
Hence, calculate the number of neutrons in as follows.
Atomic mass = no. of protons + no. of neutrons
13 = 6 + no. of neutrons
no. of neutrons = 13 - 6
= 7
Hence, in a isotope of carbon atom there are 6 protons, 6 electrons and 7 neutrons.
This shows that change in number of neutrons take place according to the definition of an isotope.
Answer: Covalent bonds usually occur between nonmetals. In Covalent bond elements share their electrons.
Answer:
ΔG°′ = 1.737 KJ/mol
Explanation:
The reaction involves the transfer of two electrons in the form of hydride ions from reduced coenzyme Q, CoQH₂ to fumarae to form succinate and oxidized coenzyme Q, CoQ.
The overall equation of reaction is as follows:
fumarate²⁻ + CoQH₂ ↽⇀ succinate²⁻ + CoQ ; ΔE∘′=−0.009 V
Using the equation for standard free energy change; ΔG°′ = −nFΔE°′
where n = 2; F = 96.5 KJ.V⁻¹.mol⁻¹; ΔE°′ = 0.009 V
ΔG°′ = - 2 * 96.5 KJ.V⁻¹.mol⁻¹ * 0.009 V
ΔG°′ = 1.737 KJ/mol
Answer: If you run the suspension through a filter such as a filter paper or a sintered glass funnel, the solid particles will remain on the filter while the liquid passes through the filter, thus separating the two. ... Filtration is the act of separating a heterogeneous mixture of a solid and a liquid.
Explanation: hope this works