Answer:
A semiconductor acts like an ideal insulator at absolute zero temperature that is at zero kelvin. It is because the free electrons in the valence band of semiconductors will not carry enough thermal energy to overcome the forbidden energy gap at absolute zero.
Answer:
n = 1810
A = 25 mm
Explanation:
Given:
Lateral force amplitude, F = 25 N
Frequency, f = 1 Hz
mass of the bridge, m = 2000 kg/m
Span, L = 144 m
Amplitude of the oscillation, A = 75 mm = 0.075 m
time, t = 6T
now,
Amplitude as a function of time is given as:

or amplitude for unforce oscillation

or

or

Now, provided in the question Amplitude of the driven oscillation

the value of the maximum amplitude is obtained
thus,

Now, for n people on the bridge
Fmax = nF
thus,
max amplitude

or
n = 1810
hence, there were 1810 people on the bridge
b)
since the effect of damping in the millenium bridge is 3 times
thus,
b=3b
therefore,

or

or

or
A = 0.025 m = 25 mm
Without friction, the amount of work only depends on the final height,
and is not affected by the route used to get there.
If the ramp has no friction, then it has no effect on the total amount
of work done. The work to lift the load straight up is the same.
If the ramp has some friction, then it takes more work to use the ramp
than to lift the load straight up. Then the work to lift the load straight up
would be less than when the ramp is used.