Answer:
The nuclear decay of radioactive elements is a process that is a useful tool for determining the absolute age of fossils and rocks. It is used as a clock, in which daughter elements or isotopes converted from parent isotopes by decaying at a particular time.
Radioactive decay rates are constant and do not change over time. It is measured in half-life. A half-life is a time it takes half of a parent isotope to decay and converted into a stable daughter isotope. How many parent isotopes and daughter isotopes present in the fossil or their abundance can help in determining the age of fossil or rock.
Answer:
In the Lewis structure of P4 there are 6 bonding pairs and 4 lone pairs of electrons.
Explanation:
The structure of tetrahedral molecule of P4 is provided below.
Each phosphorus atom has 5 valence electrons out of which 3 electrons involve in bonding and the rest 2 electrons exist as a lone pair that does not involve in bonding.Hence each phosphorus atom has one lone pair.In P4 molecule there are phosphorus atoms and hence 4 lone pairs in total.
As you can see in the figure, each phosphorus atom is bonded to the other three atoms.A bond is formed when two atoms share one electron each and the pair is called bonding pair.
From the figure we can see that there are 6 bonds in total.Each bond consist of one bonding pair of electrons and hence in total there are 6 bonding pairs of electrons.
Hence in a P4 molecule there are six bonding pairs and 4 lone pairs of electrons.
The molar Concentration of KMnO₄ is 0.000219 M
Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by means of the overall extent of an aggregate. numerous styles of mathematical description may be outstanding: mass awareness, molar awareness, variety concentration, and quantity awareness.
y is absorbance
x is the molar concentration of KMnO_4
y = 4.84E + 03x - 2.26E - 01
0.833 = 4.84 * 10⁺⁰³ x - 2.26 * 10⁻¹
1.059 = 4.84 * 10⁺⁰³ x
X = 0.000219 M
Hence, The molar Concentration of KMnO₄ is 0.000219 M
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Answer: It is called a Crookes Tube, and he used it to discover cathode rays, which were later determined to be electrons.
