If the concentration of acetyl chloride is increased ten times the rate of reaction is increased ten times.
The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate is a substitution reaction. Recall that a substitution reaction is one in which a moiety in a molecule is replaced by another.
In this reaction, the CH3O- ion replaces the chloride ion. In the first step, the CH3O- ion attacks the substrate in a slow step. This creates a tetrahedral intermediate. Loss of the chloride ion yields the methyl acetate product.
The rate determining step is the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate. Since the reaction is first order in the acetyl chloride, if its concentration is increased ten times the rate of reaction is increased ten times.
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Cyclohex<u>ene</u> is a cyclic, six-membered hydrocarbon that contains one double bond. The types of reactions that can occur in cyclohexene would be those that are typical with alkenes generally.
The pi-bonded electrons in the double bond are nucleophilic. So, electrophilic addition reactions could occur with cyclohexene. For example,
cyclohexene + HBr → bromocyclohexane
cyclohexene + H2O/H+ → cyclohexanol
cyclohexene + Br2 → <em>trans-</em>1,2-dibromocyclohexane (racemic)
The latter is a common test for alkenes where one adds bromine to a sample to see if there is decolorization, which would indicate the presence of nucleophilic pi bonds. Bromine, which is dark reddish-brown, will become clear as it reacts with an alkene to form a colorless haloalkane.
Cyclohexene can also be converted to the fully saturated cyclohexane by hydrogenation: cyclohexene + H2/Pd → cyclohexane.
