The answer is high temperatures
C I believe that would be it
Answer with Explanation:
We know that by Gauss's Law

Where
is permitivity of free space
is the net charge in the hull
Part a)
Applying the given values we get

Part b)
Since the sign of the electric flux is negative we conclude that the electric field lines entering the submarine are more than the electric field lines leaving the submarine. Since negative sign implies that flux by negative charges is dominant.
The statement is true because an object will remain not moving until an external force is applied into. so in order to move an object external force should be applied. for example an object fell down, even no one pushes it pulls it, but the force due to gravity is acting on it so there is still a force acting on it.