Answer:
when the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates.
chemical reaction is in equilibrium when the concentrations of reactants and products are constant - their ratio does not vary.
Answer:
The digestive system uses mechanical and chemical methods to break food down into nutrient molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. ... Some animals use intracellular digestion, where food is taken into cells by phagocytosis with digestive enzymes being secreted into the phagocytic vesicles.
Explanation:
Word Equation: Barium chloride solution reacts with sodium sulfate solution to produce sodium chloride and barium sulfate.
Answer:
a) [H₃O⁺] = 1.8x10⁻⁵ M
b) pH = 4.75
c) % rxn = 3.5x10⁻³ %
Explanation:
a) The dissociation reaction of HCN is:
HCN(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₃O⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)
0.5 M - x x x
The dissociation constant from the above reactions is given by:
![Ka = \frac{[H_{3}O^{+}][CN^{-}]}{[HCN]} = 6.17 \cdot 10^{-10}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Ka%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%5BCN%5E%7B-%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BHCN%5D%7D%20%3D%206.17%20%5Ccdot%2010%5E%7B-10%7D)
By solving the above quadratic equation we have:
x = 1.75x10⁻⁵ M = 1.8x10⁻⁵ M = [H₃O⁺] = [CN⁻]
Hence, the [H₃O⁺] is 1.8x10⁻⁵ M.
b) The pH is equal to:
![pH = -log[H_{3}O^{+}] = -log(1.75 \cdot 10^{-5} M) = 4.75](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%20%3D%20-log%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%20-log%281.75%20%5Ccdot%2010%5E%7B-5%7D%20M%29%20%3D%204.75)
Then, the pH of the HCN solution is 4.75.
c) The % reaction is the % ionization:
![\% = \frac{x}{[HCN]} \times 100](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5C%25%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7B%5BHCN%5D%7D%20%5Ctimes%20100%20)
Therefore, the % reaction or % ionization is 3.5x10⁻³ %.
I hope it helps you!
Answer:
Rotational spectroscopy, the dipole moment must change during the transition.
Rotational Raman spectroscopy, molecule must have anisotropic polarizability
Vibrational and electronic spectroscopy, molecule must have permanent dipole moment.
Explanation:
-
For the vibration rotation spectrum to be observed, it is necessary to change the dipole moment during the vibration.
- Raman scattering using an anisotropic crystal gives information about the orientation of the crystal. The polarization of Raman scattering light relative to the crystal, and the polarization of laser light, can be used to determine the orientation of the crystal, provided the crystal structure is known.
